Enzymatic Low Volume Passive Sweat Based Assays for Multi-Biomarker Detection.

Simultaneous detection of correlated multi-biomarkers on a single low-cost platform in ultra-low fluid volumes with robustness is in growing demand for the development of wearable diagnostics. A non-faradaic biosensor for the simultaneous detection of alcohol, glucose, and lactate utilizing low volumes (1⁻5 μL) of sweat is demonstrated. Biosensing is implemented using nanotextured ZnO films integrated on a flexible porous membrane to achieve enhanced sensor performance.