Ocular Manifestations of Multiple Sclerosis: A Population-Based Study.

Background: To evaluate the population-based frequency and severity of multiple sclerosis (MS)-related ocular diseases.

Methods: Retrospective, population-based study examining patients with MS between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2011. Patients were identified using the Rochester Epidemiology Project, which is a record-linkage system of medical records for all patient-physician encounters among Olmsted County, Minnesota residents.

Optical coherence tomography is highly sensitive in detecting prior optic neuritis.

Objective: To explore sensitivity of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in detecting prior unilateral optic neuritis.

Methods: This is a retrospective, observational clinical study of all patients who presented from January 1, 2014, to January 6, 2017, with unilateral optic neuritis and OCT available at least 3 months after the attack. We compared OCT retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thicknesses between affected and unaffected contralateral eyes.

Deep Crater in Heavily Calcified Aortic Valve Leaflet: A "Smoking Gun" for Embolic Stroke.

The association of severe calcific aortic stenosis with clinically significant stroke has not been well established. This case vividly describes the relationship with clinical and pathological (gross and microscopic) findings in a 62-year-old man with a severely calcified bicuspid aortic valve. Eleven months prior to aortic valve surgery, the patient had stigmata of cerebral embolic events in the absence of any other embolic source.