Interventions to Improve Pedestrian and Cyclist Safety in Latin America: a Systematic Review and Metasummary.

Road user fatalities account for a leading cause of preventable death in Latin America with pedestrians and bicyclists at higher risk for more extensive injuries as compared to other road users. Despite these vulnerable road user (VRU) risks, encouraging individuals to walk and cycle is an important public health strategy for addressing the region's obesity epidemic through promoting physical activity via active transportation (AT). However, in order to promote AT as a viable source of physical activity, safety of the VRU must be considered.

The adaptive response of the mandibular condyle to increased load is disrupted by ADAMTS5 deficiency.

Objective: To determine the impact of increased load on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) from mice deficient in the extracellular matrix protease ADAMTS5.

Materials And Methods: Wire springs exerting 0.5 N for 1 h/day for 5 days (Adamts5 - = 18; Adamts5  = 19) or 0.

Mice Exhibit Altered Aggrecan Proteolytic Profiles That Correlate With Ascending Aortic Anomalies.

Objective: Investigate the requirement of Aggrecan (Acan) cleavage during aortic wall development in a murine model with ADAMTS (a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease domain with thrombospondin-type motifs) 5 deficiency and bicuspid aortic valves.

Approach: Mice with altered extracellular matrix remodeling of proteoglycans will be examined for anomalies in ascending aortic wall development. Neo-epitope antibodies that recognize ADAMTS cleaved Acan fragments will be used to investigate the mechanistic requirement of Acan turnover, in aortic wall development.

The : Investing in residents' current and future health: Spouses' perspectives.

Neurosurgery residency is daunting and all-consuming to those who undergo it, and the spouses of those residents are not exempt from the challenges it presents. In light of our institution's implementation of a wellness initiative in neurosurgery residency education, the spouses of various participants offer their insights on the program, shedding light on the full extent of its benefits.