GP's role in supporting women with anal incontinence after childbirth injury: a qualitative study.

Background: Obstetric anal sphincter injury is the most common cause of anal incontinence for women, which often has profound impacts on women's lives. GPs offer a first line of contact for many women, but we know that very few women experiencing anal incontinence postnatally report discussing it with their GPs.

Aim: To identify key ways in which GPs can support women with anal incontinence caused by childbirth injuries.

Women's experiences of diagnosis and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: a mixed-methods study in general practice.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common lifelong metabolic condition with serious associated comorbidities. Evidence points to a delay in diagnosis and inconsistency in the information provided to women with PCOS.

Aim: To capture women's experiences of how PCOS is diagnosed and managed in UK general practice.

Parental experiences of prenatal whole exome sequencing (WES) in cases of ultrasound diagnosed fetal structural anomaly.

Objective: To explore parental experiences of whole exome sequencing (WES) for prenatal diagnosis and ascertain what influenced their decision-making to undergo testing.

Method: Twelve women comprised a purposeful sample in a series of semistructured interviews. All had received a fetal anomaly diagnosis on ultrasound.

Prenatal whole exome sequencing: the views of clinicians, scientists, genetic counsellors and patient representatives.

Objective: Focus groups were conducted with individuals involved in prenatal diagnosis to determine their opinions relating to whole exome sequencing in fetuses with structural anomalies.

Method: Five representatives of patient groups/charities (PRGs) and eight clinical professionals (CPs) participated. Three focus groups occurred (the two groups separately and then combined).

BAC chromosomal microarray for prenatal detection of chromosome anomalies in fetal ultrasound anomalies: an economic evaluation.

Introduction: To determine the cost-effectiveness of prenatal chromosomal microarray (CMA) when performed for structural anomalies on fetal ultrasound scan over conventional techniques.

Method: A decision tree was populated using data from a prospective cohort of women undergoing testing when a fetal ultrasound scan showed a structural abnormality. Nine strategies of testing were modeled including combinations of the tests: QFPCR, G-band karyotyping, CMA and FISH for DiGeorge (22q) microdeletion.

Exome sequencing improves genetic diagnosis of structural fetal abnormalities revealed by ultrasound.

The genetic etiology of non-aneuploid fetal structural abnormalities is typically investigated by karyotyping and array-based detection of microscopically detectable rearrangements, and submicroscopic copy-number variants (CNVs), which collectively yield a pathogenic finding in up to 10% of cases. We propose that exome sequencing may substantially increase the identification of underlying etiologies. We performed exome sequencing on a cohort of 30 non-aneuploid fetuses and neonates (along with their parents) with diverse structural abnormalities first identified by prenatal ultrasound.

Placenta chorioangioma: a rare case and systematic review of literature.

Objectives: Placental chorioangioma is a relatively rare condition that often results in serious prenatal complications and adverse pregnancy outcome. We report a case of a large chorioangioma that was prenatally diagnosed at 23 weeks with polyhydramnios and fetal anemia. With prenatal monitoring, transplacental therapy with a COX-2 inhibitor and intrauterine transfusion, the pregnancy resulted in the live birth at 30 weeks.

Exome Sequencing in Fetuses with Structural Malformations.

Prenatal diagnostic testing is a rapidly advancing field. An accurate diagnosis of structural anomalies and additional abnormalities in fetuses with structural anomalies is important to allow "triage" and designation of prognosis. This will allow parents to make an informed decision relating to the pregnancy.

Single-twin demise: pregnancy outcome.

Single-twin demise can pose substantial risks for the surviving co-twin, including increased risk of fetal loss, preterm delivery, neurovascular injury, and end-organ damage. In this chapter, we summarise recently published research on the causes of single twin demise, the pathophysiology of injury to the surviving co-twin, and the evidence for current management strategies. The gestation at which single intrauterine fetal demise occurs, and the chorionicity of the multiple pregnancies, are the two most important factors when considering the risks to the surviving twin.

"If it helps..." the use of microarray technology in prenatal testing: patient and partners reflections.

The objective was to gain insight into the experiences of women and their partners diagnosed with a fetal abnormality on prenatal ultrasound examination and receiving genetic testing including microarray. Twenty-five semi-structured interviews were performed with women +/- their partners after receiving the results of prenatal genetic testing. Framework analysis was performed to elicit themes and subthemes.

Co-twin prognosis after single fetal death: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects on the surviving twin of single fetal death comparing monochorionic to dichorionic twins to report the rates of co-twin death, preterm delivery, and neurologic morbidity in the surviving fetus.

Data Sources: MEDLINE (inception-December 2010), EMBASE (inception-December 2010), The Cochrane library (inception-December 2010), Web of Science (inception-December 2010), and British Nursing Index (inception-December 2010) were searched electronically.

Methods Of Study Selection: Selected studies had more than five cases of single fetal death with reports of co-twin death, neurologic morbidity, or both co-twin death and neurologic morbidity.