Prescribing Stimulants for Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Co-occurring Cannabis Use: Considerations for Managing a Clinical Dilemma.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly prevalent in the pediatric population, with 11% of children and adolescents having ever been diagnosed with the disorder. The management of ADHD in the setting of co-occurring cannabis use, which is more prevalent in adolescents with ADHD than in the general population, is an increasingly common dilemma facing clinicians, in part due to recent changes in social acceptability, access, usage, and state-level legal status of cannabis. Clinicians face several considerations, including the following: the confounding effects of cannabis use on assessment and management of ADHD symptoms; the potential reduction in risk of substance use when ADHD symptoms are well managed; and the increased risk of misuse and diversion of stimulants in patients with ongoing cannabis use.

Treatment of Adults with Autism and Major Depressive Disorder Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: An Open Label Pilot Study.

Patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at high risk for comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD), which can severely impair functioning and quality of life. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique, which is Food and Drug Administration (FDA) cleared for the treatment of MDD in adults. Despite demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of depression, there are limited data on the use of rTMS in patients with ASD and comorbid MDD.

Acid sphingomyelinase plays a key role in palmitic acid-amplified inflammatory signaling triggered by lipopolysaccharide at low concentrations in macrophages.

Periodontal disease is more prevalent and severe in patients with diabetes than in nondiabetic patients. In addition to diabetes, a large number of studies have demonstrated an association between obesity and chronic periodontal disease. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been well understood.

Myristate-derived d16:0 sphingolipids constitute a cardiac sphingolipid pool with distinct synthetic routes and functional properties.

Background: Myristate is a novel potential substrate for sphingoid base synthesis.

Results: Myocardial sphingoid base synthesis utilizes myristate; these sphingolipids are functionally non-redundant with canonical sphingoid bases.

Conclusion: d16:0 and d16:1 sphingolipids constitute an appreciable proportion of cardiac dihydrosphingosine and dihydroceramide, with distinct biological roles.

Ceramide synthase 5 mediates lipid-induced autophagy and hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM), which consists of cardiac hypertrophy and failure in the absence of traditional risk factors, is a major contributor to increased heart failure risk in type 2 diabetes patients. In rodent models of DbCM, cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction have been shown to depend upon saturated fatty acid (SFA) oversupply and de novo sphingolipid synthesis. However, it is not known whether these effects are mediated by bulk SFAs and sphingolipids or by individual lipid species.