Citizens are becoming increasingly disconnected from food production. Despite this, many people still hold strong values about how food is produced. The aim of this study was to attain an in-depth understanding of Australian public attitudes toward sustainability and animal welfare in dairy production, as well as early-life killing of surplus dairy calves and cow-calf separation, issues commonly identified as being out of step with public values.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Digital surgical wound monitoring for patients at home is becoming an increasingly common method of wound follow-up. This regular monitoring improves patient outcomes by detecting wound complications early and enabling treatment to start before complications worsen. However, reviewing the digital data creates a new and additional workload for staff.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction The COVID-19 pandemic changed peoples' travel behaviors; an uptake in cycling was observed in the United Kingdom. The aim of this study was to assess the cycling-related orthopedic injuries presented to a major trauma center (MTC) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method This retrospective observational single-center study analyzed referrals to the orthopedic department during a matched two-month period in 2019 and 2020.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrior literature suggests that patellofemoral instability (PFI) is significantly more prevalent in women than in men. This higher prevalence is commonly attributed to anatomical differences between sexes, particularly with patellofemoral alignment. These differences encompass a higher rate of trochlear dysplasia (TD), patella alta, an increased Q angle, and soft tissue imbalances.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe management of surplus dairy calves in Australia has traditionally been influenced by the economic viability of different practices. When beef prices are favourable, more surplus calves are raised for beef, and when beef prices are low, more calves are killed in the first few days of life. Early life killing of surplus calves may however threaten the dairy industry's social licence to operate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSeveral phosphaquinolinone derivatives have been synthesized and characterized to explore their usefulness in the realm of cell imaging. Solution-state photophysical properties in both aqueous and organic solutions were collected for these derivatives. Additionally, CCK-8 cell viability assays and fluorescent imaging in HeLa cells incubated with the new heterocyclic derivatives show evidence of favorable cell permeability, cell viability, and moderate intracellular localization when appended with the well-known morpholine targeting motif.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPoison frogs sequester alkaloid defenses from a diet of largely mites and ants. As a result, frogs are defended against certain predators and microbial infections. Frogs in the genus Oophaga exhibit complex maternal care, wherein mothers transport recently hatched tadpoles to nursery pools and return regularly to supply developing tadpoles with unfertilized (nutritive) eggs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTemperature variability resulting from climate change poses challenges around the world for livestock production and the welfare of the animals in these systems. As animal industries attempt to combat these challenges, it is vital to understand how potential changes implemented by farmers resonate with societal values. The aims of this study were to determine how different proposed changes to mitigate heat stress in dairy cattle influence public perceptions toward Australian dairy farm systems, including perceptions of (1) cow welfare, (2) confidence in the industry, and (3) trust in farmers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHydrogen sulfide (HS), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitric oxide (NO) have garnered increasing scientific interest in recent decades due to their classifications as members of the gasotransmitter family of signaling molecules. Due to the versatility of sulfur redox chemistry in biological systems, HS specifically is being studied for its ability to modulate cellular redox environments, particularly through the downstream production of oxidized sulfur species. A major mechanism of this regulation is through a posttranslational modification known as persulfidation, where oxidized sulfur atoms are appended to free cysteine in proteins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol
June 2022
Sequestration of chemical defenses from dietary sources is dependent on the availability of compounds in the environment and the mechanism of sequestration. Previous experiments have shown that sequestration efficiency varies among alkaloids in poison frogs, but little is known about the underlying mechanism. The aim of this study was to quantify the extent to which alkaloid sequestration and modification are dependent on alkaloid availability and/or sequestration mechanism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHydrogen selenide (HSe) is a central metabolite in the biological processing of selenium for incorporation into selenoproteins, which play crucial antioxidant roles in biological systems. Despite being integral to proper physiological function, this reactive selenium species (RSeS) has received limited attention. We recently reported an early example of a HSe donor (TDN1042) that exhibited slow, sustained release through hydrolysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFluorophores are powerful tools for interrogating biological systems. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have long been attractive materials for biological imaging due to their near-infrared excitation and bright, tunable optical properties. The difficulty in synthesizing and functionalizing these materials with precision, however, has hampered progress in this area.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn important form of biological sulfur is sulfane sulfur, or S, which is found in polysulfide and persulfide compounds as well as in elemental sulfur. Sulfane sulfur, often in the form of S, functions as a key energy source in the metabolic processes of thermophilic Archaean organisms found in sulfur-rich environments and can be metabolized both aerobically and anaerobically by different archaeons. Despite this importance, S has a low solubility in water (∼19 nM), raising questions of how it can be made chemically accessible in complex environments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHS is a well-known toxic gas and also a gaseous signaling molecule involved in many biological processes. Advanced chemical tools that can regulate HS levels are useful for understanding HS biology as well as its potential therapeutic effects. To this end, we have developed a series of 7-nitro-1,2,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD) amines as potential HS scavengers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSurplus dairy calves consist of all dairy bull calves and any heifer calves not needed as replacements for the milking herd. The fate of these surplus calves varies by region; for example, in Australia and New Zealand they are often sold as "bobby" calves and slaughtered within the first weeks of life; whereas, in North America they are normally sold within the first weeks of life but reared for 16-18 weeks as veal or longer as dairy beef. Regardless of region, demand for these calves is often very low, driving down prices and in some cases leaving farmers with no alternative options other than on-farm euthanasia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: There are limited data on aspirin (ASA) desensitization for patients with coronary disease. We present our experience with a rapid nurse-led oral desensitization regimen in patients with aspirin sensitivity undergoing coronary angiography.
Methods: This single-center retrospective observational study includes patients with a history of ASA sensitivity undergoing coronary angiography with intent to perform percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Investigations into hydrogen sulfide (HS) signaling pathways have demonstrated both the generation and importance of persulfides, which are reactive sulfur species that contain both reduced and oxidized sulfur. These observations have led researchers to suggest that oxidized sulfur species, including sulfane sulfur (S), are responsible for many of the physiological phenomena initially attributed to HS. A common method of introducing S to biological systems is the administration of organic polysulfides, such as diallyl trisulfide (DATS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose Of Review: To explore the role of the specialist nurse within gynaecological cancer.
Recent Findings: There are many different job titles associated with the role of the specialist nurse. Nursing roles are evolving not only to meet the increasing demands on services but also within the ever changing landscape of cancer treatments and improvement in survival.
Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is an important biomolecule, and responsive chemical tools for its delivery are needed. Here, we utilize the photocleavable o-nitrobenzyl group to unmask caged thiocarbamates and to access photoactivated HS releasing molecules. These donors function by the initial release of carbonyl sulfide (COS), which is quickly hydrolyzed to HS by carbonic anhydrase (CA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConspicuously colored dendrobatid frogs sequester alkaloid defenses from dietary arthropods, resulting in considerable alkaloid variation among populations; however, little is known about how variation is perceived as a defense against predators. Previous studies have found variable alkaloids in the dendrobatid Oophaga pumilio to be associated with differences in toxicity to laboratory mice, suggesting variable defenses are important. Arthropods are natural predators that use chemoreception to detect prey, including frogs, and may therefore perceive variation in alkaloid profiles as differences in palatability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Bronchial epithelial ciliary dysfunction is an important feature of asthma. We sought to determine the role in asthma of neutrophilic inflammation and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases in ciliary dysfunction.
Methods: Bronchial epithelial ciliary function was assessed by using video microscopy in fresh ex vivo epithelial strips from patients with asthma stratified according to their sputum cell differentials and in culture specimens from healthy control subjects and patients with asthma.
Frogs in the family Dendrobatidae are well known for their conspicuous colors and variable alkaloid-based chemical defenses. The aposematic coloration in dendrobatid frogs appears to deter predators with color vision, but relatively little is known about how these frogs are protected and their defenses are perceived by non-color vision dominated predators. The neotropical bullet ant Paraponera clavata and the red-legged banana spider Cupiennius coccineus are predators that avoid adults of the dendrobatid Oophaga pumilio, but readily consume non-toxic frogs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAirway remodeling is strongly correlated with the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, our goal was to characterize progressive structural changes in site-specific airways, along with the temporal and spatial expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in the lungs of male spontaneously hypertensive rats exposed to tobacco smoke (TS). Our studies demonstrated that TS-induced changes of the airways is dependent on airway generation and exposure duration for proximal, midlevel, and distal airways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by long periods of stable symptoms, but exacerbations occur, which result in a permanent worsening of symptoms. Previous studies have shown a link between bacterial colonization of the lower airways of COPD sufferers and an increase in exacerbation frequency. One of the most frequent bacterial colonizers is Streptococcus pneumoniae.
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