The details matter: personalized prediction of live birth after in vitro fertilization in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: To derive and internally validate a clinical prediction model for live birth (LB) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Four academic reproductive endocrinology clinics.

ATF4 expression in thermogenic adipocytes is required for cold-induced thermogenesis in mice via FGF21-independent mechanisms.

In brown adipose tissue (BAT), short-term cold exposure induces the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and its downstream target fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Induction of ATF4 in BAT in response to mitochondrial stress is required for thermoregulation, partially by increasing FGF21 expression. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that Atf4 and Fgf21 induction in BAT are both required for BAT thermogenesis under physiological stress by generating mice selectively lacking either Atf4 (ATF4 BKO) or Fgf21 (FGF21 BKO) in UCP1-expressing adipocytes.

GDF15 is required for cold-induced thermogenesis and contributes to improved systemic metabolic health following loss of OPA1 in brown adipocytes.

We previously reported that mice lacking the protein optic atrophy 1 (OPA1 BKO) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) display induction of the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), which promotes fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) secretion as a batokine. FGF21 increases metabolic rates under baseline conditions but is dispensable for the resistance to diet-induced obesity (DIO) reported in OPA1 BKO mice (Pereira et al., 2021).

ATF4 Expression in Thermogenic Adipocytes is Required for Cold-Induced Thermogenesis in Mice via FGF21-Independent Mechanisms.

In brown adipose tissue (BAT), short-term cold exposure induces the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and its downstream target fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Induction of ATF4 in BAT in response to mitochondrial stress is required for thermoregulation, partially via upregulation of FGF21. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that and induction in BAT are both required for BAT thermogenesis by generating mice selectively lacking either ATF4 BKO or (FGF21 BKO) in UCP1-expressing adipocytes.

Utility of routine screening fetal echocardiogram in pregnancies conceived by in vitro fertilization.

Objective: To study the incidence and clinical significance of congenital heart defects (CHDs) detected by fetal echocardiography in pregnancies conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Design: Cohort study comparing a prospectively maintained database of all fetal echocardiograms from 2012 to 2018 and pooled data from the Connecticut Birth Defects Registry and statewide hospital discharge data.

Setting: Large tertiary care center.

OPA1 deletion in brown adipose tissue improves thermoregulation and systemic metabolism via FGF21.

Adrenergic stimulation of brown adipocytes alters mitochondrial dynamics, including the mitochondrial fusion protein optic atrophy 1 (OPA1). However, direct mechanisms linking OPA1 to brown adipose tissue (BAT) physiology are incompletely understood. We utilized a mouse model of selective OPA1 deletion in BAT (OPA1 BAT KO) to investigate the role of OPA1 in thermogenesis.

The role of rural communities in the recruitment and retention of women physicians.

Rural communities in the United States have a shortage of primary care physicians. Women physicians are more likely than male physicians to choose primary care specialties but less likely to locate in rural areas. With an increasing proportion of women physicians, it is important to understand community characteristics that encourage their recruitment and retention.

MicroRNAs in endometriosis: biological function and emerging biomarker candidates†.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small noncoding RNA molecules, have been recognized as key post-transcriptional regulators associated with a multitude of human diseases. Global expression profiling studies have uncovered hundreds of miRNAs that are dysregulated in several diseases, and yielded many candidate biomarkers. This review will focus on miRNAs in endometriosis, a common chronic disease affecting nearly 10% of reproductive-aged women, which can cause pelvic pain, infertility, and a myriad of other symptoms.

Women in rural family medicine: a qualitative exploration of practice attributes that promote physician satisfaction.

Introduction: The USA needs more rural physicians. Although women represent half of all US trained medical students, the rural physician workforce has remained predominantly male. Insight is needed into what makes rural practice attractive for women and which practice characteristics allow women physicians to practice successfully in rural areas.

Rural Women Family Physicians: Strategies for Successful Work-Life Balance.

Purpose: Women family physicians experience challenges in maintaining work-life balance while practicing in rural communities. We sought to better understand the personal and professional strategies that enable women in rural family medicine to balance work and personal demands and achieve long-term career satisfaction.

Methods: Women family physicians practicing in rural communities in the United States were interviewed using a semistructured format.