Development and validation of a script concordance test to assess biosciences clinical reasoning skills: A cross-sectional study of 1st year undergraduate nursing students.

Background: Developing evaluative measures that assess clinical reasoning remains a major challenge for nursing education. A thorough understanding of biosciences underpins much of nursing practice and is essential to allow nurses to reason effectively. A gap in clinical reasoning can lead to unintended harm.

Weight gain in early life predicts risk of islet autoimmunity in children with a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: In a prospective birth cohort study, we followed infants who had a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes to investigate the relationship between early growth and infant feeding and the risk of islet autoimmunity.

Research Design And Methods: Infants with a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes were identified during their mother's pregnancy. Dietary intake was recorded prospectively to determine duration of breast-feeding and age at introduction of cow's milk protein, cereals, meat, fruit, and vegetables.