No Effect of High Eating Frequency Compared with Low Eating Frequency on Appetite and Inflammation Biomarkers: Results from a Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial.

Background: Eating frequency (EF) focuses on the total number of eating occasions per day and may influence metabolic health.

Objectives: We sought to examine the effect of high compared with low EF on appetite regulation and inflammatory biomarkers among healthy adults.

Methods: Data are from a randomized, crossover trial (the Frequency of Eating and Satiety Hormones study).

The Prostate Cancer Active Lifestyle Study (PALS): A randomized controlled trial of diet and exercise in overweight and obese men on active surveillance.

Background: Active surveillance (AS) is increasingly used to monitor patients with lower risk prostate cancer (PCa). The Prostate Cancer Active Lifestyle Study (PALS) was a randomized controlled trial to determine whether weight loss improves obesity biomarkers on the causal pathway to progression in patients with PCa on AS.

Methods: Overweight/obese men (body mass index >25 kg/m) diagnosed with PCa who elected AS were recruited.

Silica and barium: Comparison of microscopic appearance and characterization of effects of silica on cytomorphology.

Background: Silica from plastic red top sample collection tubes and barium cause recognized artifacts in slide preparations for microscopic examination.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate and directly compare the microscopic appearance of silica and barium particles and various slide preparation techniques (e.g.

The discovery of multiple active mys-related LTR-retroelements within the Neotominae subfamily of cricetid rodents.

Retrotransposon families in the rodent family Cricetidae have been understudied in contrast to Muridae, both taxa classified within the superfamily Muroidea. Therefore, we carried out a study to advance our knowledge of the unique mys LTR-retroelement identified in Peromyscus leucopus, by incorporating intra-ORF PCR, quantitative dot blots, DNA and protein library screens, the generation of molecular phylogenies, and analyses of orthologous LTR-retroelement loci. These analyses led to the discovery of three additional related families of LTR-retroelements, which include a 2900 bp full-length element of mys-related sequences (mysRS), an 8000 bp element containing the mys ORF1 sequence (mORF1) with ERV-related sequences downstream in the reverse orientation, as well as an 1800 bp element primarily consisting of mys ORF2 (mORF2) related sequences flanked by LTRs.

Successful multimodal treatment of extreme hypertriglyceridemia in a juvenile diabetic dog.

Objective: To describe the therapeutic protocol used to normalize severe hypertriglyceridemia in a dog.

Case Summary: A 7-month-old, 1.2-kg female Pomeranian presented with acute polyuria, polydipsia, and ocular discoloration.

Comparison of biochemical and hematologic values obtained via jugular venipuncture and peripheral intravenous catheters in dogs.

Background: Sampling from a peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) might be a more efficient and less traumatic collection of blood for serum biochemistry (SB) or CBC than direct venipuncture (DV). Agreement between results of samples obtained by these methods has not been evaluated in dogs.

Objectives: The primary objectives were to determine whether sampling from PIVC could be used in place of DV for dogs.

Cochlear implantation performance outcomes in patients over 80 years old.

Objective: To examine device datalogging characteristics and postoperative performance in the very elderly CI users.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of postoperative speech recognition outcomes and datalogging characteristics in patients older than 80 years old who underwent cochlear implantation and remain active users with longer than 6 months post-activation follow-up.

Resultss: The mean age at implantation was 84.

Pathology in Practice.

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.

Cytologic, histopathologic, and clinical features of granulomatous colitis in a French Bulldog.

A young French Bulldog was presented with clinical signs of chronic gastrointestinal disease, unresponsive to medical therapies. Parasite screenings and abdominal ultrasound failed to identify the etiology of the clinical signs. Cytologic evaluation of a rectal scraping sample diagnosed presumptive granulomatous colitis (GC) based on the presence of numerous macrophages with characteristic abundant, pink, granular cytoplasm, which showed an intense pink color when stained with periodic acid-Schiff.

Fluid Analysis in the Equine Patient: Cerebrospinal, Synovial, and Peritoneal Fluids.

Fluid analysis is an important part of the diagnostic work-up of equine patients presenting with disorders of the nervous system, musculoskeletal system, and abdominal cavity. Proper specimen handling and processing are paramount for complete and accurate interpretation of fluid samples. Normal cerebrospinal fluid is a low-cellularity, low-protein fluid requiring specific sample handling to ensure accurate results.

RENAL NEOPLASIA FROM A SINGLE POPULATION OF PTEROPODID BATS.

Neoplastic diseases have rarely been reported in the family Pteropodidae, and primary malignant renal neoplasms are generally uncommon across animal species. This case series describes four cases of primary renal neoplasia: three renal cell carcinomas and one nephroblastoma in three species of pteropodid bats, specifically large flying foxes (, = 2), straw-colored fruit bat (, = 1), and a little golden-mantled flying fox (, = 1). Two of the cases were diagnosed antemortem using ultrasonography, computed tomography, and cytology; and one of these bats with a renal cell carcinoma was treated successfully with a unilateral nephrectomy.

Primary Hyperparathyroidism in a Quarter Horse Mare Associated With a Chief Cell Adenoma.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is rare in large animal species, and little is known regarding its pathophysiology, endocrine and electrolyte derangements, diagnosis, medical management, and prognosis. This report describes the clinicopathologic diagnosis of a parathyroid (PT) gland chief cell adenoma in a 12-year-old Quarter Horse mare, including PT hormone (PTH) and electrolyte disarrangements associated with the neoplasia, the surgical removal of the adenoma, and medical management of the case. This report also describes for the first time the use PTH immunohistochemistry to confirm the nature of this neoplasia in a horse.

Agreement of 2 electrolyte analyzers for identifying electrolyte and acid-base disorders in sick horses.

Background: Use of different analyzers to measure electrolytes in the same horse can lead to different interpretation of acid-base balance when using the simplified strong ion difference (sSID) approach.

Objective: Investigate the level of agreement between 2 analyzers in determining electrolytes concentrations, sSID variables, and acid-base disorders in sick horses.

Animals: One hundred twenty-four hospitalized horses.

Frequency and classification of errors in laboratory medicine at a veterinary teaching hospital in the United States.

Background: The accuracy of laboratory data is of utmost importance. Data regarding laboratory error in human laboratories are often extrapolated into veterinary settings. One study investigated the rate and type of errors in a European commercial veterinary laboratory, but that data might not directly apply to an educational setting.

Cytologic identification of fungal arthritis in a Labrador Retriever with disseminated Talaromyces helicus infection.

An 8-year-old, neutered male Labrador Retriever presented with acute forelimb lameness. Clinical signs progressed over one week. On physical examination, right cubital joint effusion and bilateral axillary lymphadenomegaly were noted, and severe internal lymphadenomegaly was observed ultrasonographically.

Randomized trial evaluating the role of weight loss in overweight and obese men with early stage prostate Cancer on active surveillance: Rationale and design of the Prostate Cancer Active Lifestyle Study (PALS).

Active surveillance (AS) is increasingly used to monitor patients with low-risk prostate cancer; however, approximately 50% of AS patients experience disease reclassification requiring definitive treatment and little is known about patient characteristics that modify the risk of reclassification. Obesity may be one of the major contributing factors. The Prostate Cancer Active Lifestyle Study (PALS) is a clinical trial evaluating the impact of weight loss among overweight/obese (Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m) men with clinically localized prostate cancer on AS.

Rationale and design of the frequency of eating and Satiety Hormones (FRESH) study: A randomized cross-over clinical trial.

Background: The goal of the Frequency of Eating and Satiety Hormones (FRESH) Study is to understand the relationship between eating frequency (EF) and biomarkers of appetite and disease risk. This report gives the study rationale and design.

Methods: The FRESH study was conducted in n = 50 overweight and obese, but otherwise healthy, male and female adults aged 18-50 years.

Comparison of 3 corneal cytology collection methods for evaluating equine ulcerative keratitis: Cytobrush, kimura platinum spatula, and handle edge of scalpel blade.

Purpose: To compare corneal cytology samples from three common sampling techniques: cytobrush (CB), Kimura platinum spatula (KS), and the handle edge of a scalpel blade (SB).

Methods: Equine patients presenting to the University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine with ulcerative keratitis were included. Following diagnosis of corneal ulcer and sampling for microbial culture, two cytology samples per technique were collected with sterile CB, KS, and SB in a randomized order.

Cytologic features and staining characteristics of Gamna-Gandy bodies from seven canine fine-needle aspirate preparations.

Gamna-Gandy (GG) bodies are non-infectious, hyphal-like structures associated with siderotic nodules in lymphoid tissue; GG bodies are very rarely reported in veterinary cytologic samples. Cytologically, GG bodies can be misidentified as hyphae or plant material. Seven canine lymphoid tissue aspiration cases that contained GG bodies were investigated for morphologic variability and staining characteristics.