Acceptability of a Future HIV Vaccine: A Rapid Scoping Review.

Background: A HIV vaccine is not available yet, but perceptions of HIV vaccines will be important to explore before their roll-out for effective vaccine promotion. This article presents the findings of a rapid scoping review of the literature to identify individual, social, and vaccine-related factors associated with the acceptability of a future HIV vaccine.

Methods: We searched 5 databases (Medline OVID, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Cochrane) using relevant keywords and Medical Subject Headings.

Interobserver Variability and Challenges in Intraoperative Frozen Section Evaluation of Pancreatic Margins in Pancreatectomy Specimens.

Objective: Frozen-section evaluation of the pancreatic margin is challenging. We aimed to determine interobserver variability among gastrointestinal pathologists for the assessment of frozen sections of pancreatic margins with marked chronic pancreatitis and to determine the challenging histological features in discrepant cases.

Methods: We identified 45 patients who underwent pancreas resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and showed marked chronic pancreatitis at pancreatic margin.

Generalizable pipeline for constructing HIV risk prediction models across electronic health record systems.

Objective: The HIV epidemic remains a significant public health issue in the United States. HIV risk prediction models could be beneficial for reducing HIV transmission by helping clinicians identify patients at high risk for infection and refer them for testing. This would facilitate initiation on treatment for those unaware of their status and pre-exposure prophylaxis for those uninfected but at high risk.

Epidemiology of Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Solid and Hematologic Neoplasms in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System.

Importance: Identifying changes in epidemiologic patterns of the incidence and risk of cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT), particularly with evolving cancer-directed therapy, is essential for risk stratification.

Objective: To assess the incidence of CAT over time and to determine pertinent patient-specific, cancer-specific, and treatment-specific factors associated with its risk.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This longitudinal, retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2006 to 2021.

Venous thromboembolism risk in cancer patients receiving first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor versus chemotherapy.

It remains unclear if immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is associated with higher rate of venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared with cytotoxic chemotherapy (chemo) in patients with comparable cancer type, staging, and comorbidities. Using the national Veterans Affairs healthcare system database from 2016 to 2021, we performed a propensity score (PS)-weighted retrospective cohort study to compare the incidence of VTE in patients with selected stage III/IV cancer receiving first-line ICI versus chemo. The PS model utilized overlap weights to balance age, sex, race, treatment year, VTE history, paralysis/immobilization, prolonged hospitalization, cancer type, staging, time between diagnosis and treatment, and National Cancer Institute comorbidity index.

A Phenotyping Algorithm to Identify People With HIV in Electronic Health Record Data (HIV-Phen): Development and Evaluation Study.

Background: Identification of people with HIV from electronic health record (EHR) data is an essential first step in the study of important HIV outcomes, such as risk assessment. This task has been historically performed via manual chart review, but the increased availability of large clinical data sets has led to the emergence of phenotyping algorithms to automate this process. Existing algorithms for identifying people with HIV rely on a combination of International Classification of Disease codes and laboratory tests or closely mimic clinical testing guidelines for HIV diagnosis.

Clinicopathologic correlations of superficial esophageal adenocarcinoma in endoscopic submucosal dissection specimens.

Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a novel endoscopic treatment for early esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The western pathologists' experience with ESD specimens remains limited. This study aimed to correlate histopathologic features of Barrett's esophagus (BE)-associated adenocarcinoma in ESD resections with clinical outcomes to determine whether they aid future management decisions.

Real World Long-term Assessment of The Efficacy of Tocilizumab in Patients with COVID-19: Results From A Large De-identified Multicenter Electronic Health Record Dataset in the United States.

Background: Studies have shown conflicting results on the efficacy of tocilizumab (TCZ) for patients with COVID-19, with many confounders of clinical status and limited duration of the observation. Here, we evaluate the real-world long-term efficacy of TCZ in COVID-19 patients.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 using a large US-based multicenter COVID-19 database (Cerner Real-World Data; updated in September, 2020).

Retention in Care and Viral Load Improvement After Discharge Among Hospitalized Out-of-Care People With HIV Infection: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Understanding factors influencing retention in care (RIC) and viral load improvement (VLI) in people with HIV (PWH) who are out of care and hospitalized will assist in intervention development for this vulnerable population.

Methods: The study was a post hoc analysis of prospectively collected data. Hospitalized participants were enrolled if they were newly diagnosed with HIV during the hospitalization or out of HIV care.

Retrospective analysis of long-term outcome 10 years after liver transplantation for Wilson disease: experience over three decades.

We evaluated long-term outcomes for patients with Wilson disease (WD) after liver transplantation (LT) and searched for risk factors for poor survival. Retrospective analysis of UNOS/OPTN data identified 156 pediatric and 515 adult cases of LT for WD between 1987 and 2016. Comparison cases were 10 442 pediatric and 104 874 adult non-WD transplant recipients.

The Association of Unmet Needs With Subsequent Retention in Care and HIV Suppression Among Hospitalized Patients With HIV Who Are Out of Care.

Background: Unmet needs among hospitalized patients with HIV may prevent engagement in HIV care leading to worse clinical outcomes. Our aim was to examine the role of unmet subsistence needs (eg, housing, transportation, and food) and medical needs (eg, mental health and substance abuse treatment) as barriers for retention in HIV care and viral load (VL) suppression.

Methods: We used data from the Mentor Approach for Promoting Patients' Self-Care intervention study, the enrolled hospitalized HIV patients at a large publicly funded hospital between 2010 and 2013, who were out-of-care.

Participants' perspectives on improving retention in HIV care after hospitalization: A post-study qualitative investigation of the MAPPS study.

Few interventions have been shown to improve retention in HIV care. We recently completed a randomized, controlled trial of a peer mentoring intervention, which failed to increase retention in care or HIV suppression. We sought to gain insight into this negative result and elicit suggestions for future interventions.

Feasibility of identifying out of care HIV-positive patients in a hospital setting and enrolling them in a retention intervention.

Background: The hospital setting provides an opportunity to re-engage people living with HIV (PLWH) in HIV care. We developed and implemented a protocol to identify PLWH in a hospital setting. The aim of the current study was to report on our strategy to recruit hospitalized HIV patients into an intervention study, and to report on lessons learned for future studies.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Absence of Cirrhosis in United States Veterans is Associated With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Background & Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can develop in individuals without cirrhosis. We investigated risk factors for development of HCC in the absence of cirrhosis in a U.S.

Nuclear-localized Asunder regulates cytoplasmic dynein localization via its role in the integrator complex.

We previously reported that Asunder (ASUN) is essential for recruitment of dynein motors to the nuclear envelope (NE) and nucleus-centrosome coupling at the onset of cell division in cultured human cells and Drosophila spermatocytes, although the mechanisms underlying this regulation remain unknown. We also identified ASUN as a functional component of Integrator (INT), a multisubunit complex required for 3'-end processing of small nuclear RNAs. We now provide evidence that ASUN acts in the nucleus in concert with other INT components to mediate recruitment of dynein to the NE.