Understanding the application of handwritten text recognition technology in heritage contexts: a systematic review of Transkribus in published research.

Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) technology is now a mature machine learning tool, becoming integrated in the digitisation processes of libraries and archives, speeding up the transcription of primary sources and facilitating full text searching and analysis of historic texts at scale. However, research into how HTR is changing our information environment is scant. This paper presents a systematic literature review regarding how researchers are using one particular HTR platform, Transkribus, to indicate the domains where HTR is applied, the approach taken, and how the technology is understood.

Addressing Barriers to Health Care Access of Congenital Heart Disease Patients in Guyana.

In order to mitigate the late presentation and resulting poor outcomes of children with advanced cardiac disease, the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) in Guyana has expressed interest in identifying ways to improve access to health care for these children. The goal of this study was to identify barriers faced by CHD patients and their families in accessing pediatric cardiology services in Guyana, and to identify limitations to the diagnosis and referral of CHD patients by health care professionals. Two surveys were used to gain insight into the experiences of practicing health care professionals and the parent(s) or guardian(s) of children with CHD.

Profiling the ethnic characteristics of domestic injuries in children younger than age 5 years.

The home remains a very common location for deadly injuries among children younger than 5 years. The aim of this study is to describe the demographic and injury characteristics of domestic injuries in children younger than 5 years. The National Trauma Data Bank's National Sample Program data set was queried for children younger than 5 years with the injury site classified as home.

Surgical treatment for women with breast cancer: do randomized clinical trials represent current medical practices?

Randomized clinical trials have not shown survival differences between breast cancer patients who undergo breast-conserving surgery and those who undergo modified radical mastectomy (MRM). Recent studies however, have suggested that these randomized clinical trials findings may not be representative of the entire population or the nature of current patient care. A retrospective analysis of female invasive breast cancer patients who underwent surgery in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1990-2003) was performed.

Mechanism of regulation and suppression of melanoma invasiveness by novel retinoic acid receptor-gamma target gene carbohydrate sulfotransferase 10.

Retinoic acid (RA) induces growth arrest and differentiation of S91 murine melanoma cells and serves as a valuable model for this disease. RA acts through activation of RA receptors (RAR), which are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-inducible transcription factors. Interestingly, differentiation is mediated by RARgamma, but not by RARalpha or RARbeta, suggesting that RARgamma possesses unique and uncharacterized molecular properties.

Apoptosis factor EI24/PIG8 is a novel endoplasmic reticulum-localized Bcl-2-binding protein which is associated with suppression of breast cancer invasiveness.

p53 is a critical tumor suppressor which removes cells with DNA damage by regulating expression and activity of a select group of p53-induced genes (PIG) that subsequently induce apoptosis. PIG8 was also identified as a gene induced by etoposide and named etoposide-induced gene 24 (EI24). Later experiments established EI24/PIG8 as a proapoptotic factor and suggested that it may function as a tumor suppressor.

Regulation of nuclear receptor activity by a pseudouridine synthase through posttranscriptional modification of steroid receptor RNA activator.

Nuclear receptors (NRs) induce transcription through association with coactivator complexes. We identified a pseudouridine synthase (PUS), mPus1p, as a coactivator for retinoic acid receptor (mRAR)gamma and other NR-dependent transactivation. mPus1p is a member of the truA subfamily of PUSs, a class of enzymes that isomerize uridine to pseudouridine in noncoding RNAs, such as tRNA, to ensure proper folding and function.

Amplification of wild-type K-ras promotes growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

In contrast to many other tumors of different lineage, oncogenic ras mutations are rarely found within head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). On the other hand, increased expression of wild-type K-ras in HNSCC tumor material has been noticed, but the potential physiological consequences of this observation have not yet been experimentally assessed. The current study addresses this issue by modulating K-ras expression in HNSCC cell lines and primary keratinocytes and determining its effects on cell growth and survival in vitro.