Microwave assisted synthesis of 2-amino-4-chloro-pyrimidine derivatives: Anticancer and computational study on potential inhibitory action against COVID-19.

We report microwave synthesis of seven unique pyrimidine anchored derivatives (-) incorporating multifunctional amino derivatives along with their anticancer activity and their activity against COVID-19 in silico. - were characterized by different analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Cytotoxic activity of - was tested against HCT116 and MCF7 cell lines, whereby exhibited highest anticancer activity on HCT116 and MCF7 with EC values of 89.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of β-NbZnO Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange and Cytotoxicity Study.

β-NbZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by a hydrothermal process and calcined at two temperatures, 500 °C and 700 °C, and assigned as and respectively. X-ray diffraction, together with transmission electron microscopy, revealed that the β-NbZnO nanoparticles calcined at 700 °C () were more crystalline than the β-NbZnO calcined at 500 °C () with both types of nanoparticles having an average size of approximately 100 nm. The physiochemical, photocatalytic, and cytotoxic activities of both types of β-NbZnO nanoparticles ( and ) were examined.

Cisplatin delivery, anticancer and antibacterial properties of Fe/SBA-16/ZIF-8 nanocomposite.

Nanoformulation involving biocompatible MOFs and magnetic nanocarriers is an emerging multifunctional platform for drug delivery and tumor imaging in targeted cancer therapeutics. In this study, a nanocomposite has been developed comprising Fe/SBA-16 and ZIF-8 (Fe/S-16/ZIF-8) through ultrasonication. The drug delivery of cisplatin was studied using an automated diffusion cell system equipped with a flow type Franz cell.

Quality variation and standardization of black pepper (Piper nigrum): A comparative geographical evaluation based on instrumental and metabolomics analysis.

Black pepper (Piper nigrum; BP), known as the 'king of spices', imported from various countries is widely available in Saudi Arabian markets, as its demand as a food as well as a medicine for minor ailments is increasing in the country. However, there is a lack of appropriate information regarding these samples in terms of quality variation and standardization. We thus aimed to evaluate the quality and standardize the BP sample with respect to its physicochemical characters, active principle variation [i.

Synthesis and characterization of cadmium-bismuth microspheres for the catalytic and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants, with antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity assay.

Cadmium-Bismuth microspheres (CdS-BiS) were prepared by facile solvothermal method with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) employed to control the morphology of CdS-BiS. The product was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectrophotometer and surface area of CdS-BiS was determined by BET analyzer. It was observed that CdS-BiS spheres exhibited good catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol.

SPIONs/3D SiSBA-16 based Multifunctional Nanoformulation for target specific cisplatin release in colon and cervical cancer cell lines.

Multifunctional nanomaterials can be used for dual applications: drug delivery as well as in bioimaging. In current study, we investigated potential use of silica based supports; 3D cage type SiSBA-16 (S-16), monodispersed hydrophilic spherical silica (HYPS) and mesocellular foam (MSU-F) for cisplatin (Cp) delivery. To obtain magnetic resonance characteristics, 10 wt% iron oxide was loaded through enforced adsorption technique.

Cisplatin-functionalized three-dimensional magnetic SBA-16 for treating breast cancer cells (MCF-7).

The engineering of multifunctional therapeutics in an integrated single platform is demonstrated using three-dimensional SBA-16 (S-16). 10 wt% iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe) were loaded into the cage type of cubic pores through enforced adsorption technique. Fe/S-16 is then functionalized with amine-based silane (A), polyacrylic acid (P) and cisplatin (Cp).

Role of Lipid Rafts in Hematopoietic Stem Cells Homing, Mobilization, Hibernation, and Differentiation.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent, self-renewing cells that can differentiate into myeloid or lymphoid cells. The mobilization and differentiation processes are affected by the external environment, such as extracellular matrix and soluble molecules in the niche, where the lipid rafts (LRs) of the HSCs act as the receptors and control platforms for these effectors. LRs are membrane microdomains that are enriched in cholesterol, sphingolipid, and proteins.

Targeted delivery of poly (methyl methacrylate) particles in colon cancer cells selectively attenuates cancer cell proliferation.

Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is basically biocompatible polyester with high resistance to chemical hydrolysis, and high drug permeability and the most important characteristics of PMMA is that it does not produce any toxicity. There is not much information about PMMA action on the colon cancer cells. In the present study, we have synthesized PMMA nanoparticles.

Isolation, Culture, and Functional Characterization of Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Current Trends and Challenges.

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold great potential for the treatment of various degenerative diseases. Pluripotent hESCs have a great ability to undergo unlimited self-renewal in culture and to differentiate into all cell types in the body. The journey of hESC research is not that smooth, as it has faced several challenges which are limited to not only tumor formation and immunorejection but also social, ethical, and political aspects.

Preparation, formation mechanism, photocatalytic, cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of sodium niobate nanocubes.

A hydrothermal method was employed to prepare the sodium niobate (NaNbO3) nanocubes. We executed time dependent experiments to illustrate the formation mechanism of sodium niobate nanocubes. It was observed that the morphology of NaNbO3 nanocubes was dependent on the reaction time and 12hr reaction time was found to be suitable.

Extracts of Clove () Potentiate FMSP-Nanoparticles Induced Cell Death in MCF-7 Cells.

Both nanoparticles and cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) possess anticancer properties, but they do not elicit a significant response on cancer cells when treated alone. In the present study, we have tested fluorescent magnetic submicronic polymer nanoparticles (FMSP-nanoparticles) in combination with crude clove extracts on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) to examine whether the combination approach enhance the cancer cell death. The MCF-7 cells were treated with different concentrations (1.

Fluorescent magnetic submicronic polymer (FMSP) nanoparticles induce cell death in human colorectal carcinoma cells.

Nanoparticles have many advantages such as high biocompatibility, bioavailability and effective therapeutic capabilities. The aim of the present study is to examine whether fluorescent magnetic submicronic polymer nanoparticles (FMSP-nanoparticles) have any impact on human colorectal cancer cells. In the present study, we have tested FMSP-nanoparticles with an average size of 100-200 nm on human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116) to check their cytotoxic and anti-cancer capabilities.

FMSP-Nanoparticles Induced Cell Death on Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cell Line (MCF-7 Cells): Morphometric Analysis.

Currently, breast cancer treatment mostly revolves around radiation therapy and surgical interventions, but often these treatments do not provide satisfactory relief to the patients and cause unmanageable side-effects. Nanomaterials show promising results in treating cancer cells and have many advantages such as high biocompatibility, bioavailability and effective therapeutic capabilities. Interestingly, fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles have been used in many biological and diagnostic applications, but there is no report of use of fluorescent magnetic submicronic polymer nanoparticles (FMSP-nanoparticles) in the treatment of human breast cancer cells.

Impact of nanoparticles on neuron biology: current research trends.

Nanoparticles have enormous applications in textiles, cosmetics, electronics, and pharmaceuticals. But due to their exceptional physical and chemical properties, particularly antimicrobial, anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory properties, nanoparticles have many potential applications in diagnosis as well as in the treatment of various diseases. Over the past few years, nanoparticles have been extensively used to investigate their response on the neuronal cells.

Integrity of immunoglobulin variable regions is supported by GANP during AID-induced somatic hypermutation in germinal center B cells.

Immunoglobulin affinity maturation depends on somatic hypermutation (SHM) in immunoglobulin variable (IgV) regions initiated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). AID induces transition mutations by C→U deamination on both strands, causing C:G→T:A. Error-prone repairs of U by base excision and mismatch repairs (MMRs) create transversion mutations at C/G and mutations at A/T sites.

GANP regulates the choice of DNA repair pathway by DNA-PKcs interaction in AID-dependent IgV region diversification.

RNA export factor germinal center-associated nuclear protein (GANP) interacts with activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and shepherds it from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and toward the IgV region loci in B cells. In this study, we demonstrate a role for GANP in the repair of AID-initiated DNA damage in chicken DT40 B cells to generate IgV region diversity by gene conversion and somatic hypermutation. GANP plays a positive role in IgV region diversification of DT40 B cells in a nonhomologous end joining-proficient state.

GANP interacts with APOBEC3G and facilitates its encapsidation into the virions to reduce HIV-1 infectivity.

The ssDNA-dependent deoxycytidine deaminase apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing, enzyme-catalytic, polypeptide-like 3G (A3G) is a potent restrictive factor against HIV-1 virus lacking viral-encoded infectivity factor (Vif) in CD4(+) T cells. A3G antiretroviral activity requires its encapsulation into HIV-1 virions. In this study, we show that germinal center-associated nuclear protein (GANP) is induced in activated CD4(+) T cells and physically interacts with A3G.

GANP regulates recruitment of AID to immunoglobulin variable regions by modulating transcription and nucleosome occupancy.

Somatic hypermutation in B cells is initiated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase-catalyzed C→U deamination at immunoglobulin variable regions. Here we investigate the role of the germinal centre-associated nuclear protein (GANP) in enhancing the access of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) to immunoglobulin variable regions. We show that the nuclear export factor GANP is involved in chromatin modification at rearranged immunoglobulin variable loci, and its activity requires a histone acetyltransferase domain.