Molecular docking of eleven snake venom peptides targeting human immunodeficiency virus capsid glycoprotein as inhibitors.

Background: Snake venoms are mainly composed of a mixture of proteins and peptides with antiviral activity against several viruses including HIV. Therefore, snake venoms represent a promising source for new antiviral drugs.

Aim: The study examines the toxin's capacity to disrupt the spike glycoprotein of HIV, the virus accountable for the HIV epidemic.

Proteomic analysis of the venom of Conus flavidus from Red Sea reveals potential pharmacological applications.

Background: Venomous marine cone snails produce unique neurotoxins called conopeptides or conotoxins, which are valuable for research and drug discovery. Characterizing Conus venom is important, especially for poorly studied species, as these tiny and steady molecules have considerable potential as research tools for detecting new pharmacological applications. In this study, a worm-hunting cone snail, Conus flavidus inhabiting the Red Sea coast were collected, dissected and the venom gland extraction was subjected to proteomic analysis to define the venom composition, and confirm the functional structure of conopeptides.