Morphophysiological, biochemical, and nutrient response of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) by foliar CeO nanoparticles under elevated CO.

Nanomaterials offer considerable benefits in improving plant growth and nutritional status owing to their inherent stability, and efficiency in essential nutrient absorption and delivery. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO NPs) at optimum concentration could significantly influence plant morpho-physiology and nutritional status. However, it remains unclear how elevated CO and CeO NPs interactively affect plant growth and quality.

Novel nanocomposite and biochar insights to boost rice growth and alleviation of Cd toxicity.

Cadmium (Cd) is an unessential and pervasive contaminant in agricultural soil, eventually affecting the food and instigating health issues. The implication of nanocomposites in agriculture attained significant attention to drive food security. Nanocomposites possess exceptional characteristics to stun the challenges of chemical fertilizers that can enhance plant yield and better nutrient bioavailability.

Modulation of Cd carriers by innovative nanocomposite (Ca+Mg) and Cd-resistance microbes (): a mechanistic approach to enhance growth and yield of rice ( L.).

Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known pollutant in agricultural soil, affecting human health through the food chain. To combat this issue, Ca + Mg (25 mg L) nanocomposite and , either alone or combined, were applied to rice plants under Cd (5 mg kg, 10 mg kg) contamination. In our study, growth and yield traits demonstrated the beneficial influence of Ca + Mg and application in improving rice defense mechanism by reducing Cd stress.

Nutrient strengthening and lead alleviation in Brassica Napus L. by foliar ZnO and TiO-NPs modulating antioxidant system, improving photosynthetic efficiency and reducing lead uptake.

With the anticipated foliar application of nanoparticles (NPs) as a potential strategy to improve crop production and ameliorate heavy metal toxicity, it is crucial to evaluate the role of NPs in improving the nutrient content of plants under Lead (Pb) stress for achieving higher agriculture productivity to ensure food security. Herein, Brassica napus L. grown under Pb contaminated soil (300 mg/kg) was sprayed with different rates (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L) of TiO and ZnO-NPs.

Alleviated lead toxicity in rice plant by co-augmented action of genome doubling and TiO nanoparticles on gene expression, cytological and physiological changes.

Lead is a very toxic and futile heavy metal for rice plants because of its injurious effects on plant growth and metabolic processes. Polyploidy or whole genome doubling increases the ability of plants to withstand biotic and abiotic stress. Considering the beneficial effects of nanoparticles and tetraploid rice, this research was conducted to examine the effectiveness of tetraploid and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) in mitigating the toxic effects of lead.

Mechanism and synergistic effect of sulfadiazine (SDZ) and cadmium toxicity in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and its alleviation through zinc fortification.

Cadmium (Cd) and antibiotic's tendency to accumulate in edible plant parts and fertile land is a worldwide issue. The combined effect of antibiotics and heavy metals on crops was analyzed, but not mitigation of their toxicity. This study investigated the potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) to alleviate the SDZ and Cd toxicity (alone/combined) to promote spinach growth.

Modulation of metal transporters, oxidative stress and cell abnormalities by synergistic application of silicon and titanium oxide nanoparticles: A strategy for cadmium tolerance in rice.

Heavy metals, especially cadmium (Cd), cause severe toxicity symptoms in crop plants. Applying nanoparticles (NPs) as nano-fertilizers is a novel approach to mitigating plants' Cd stress. However, knowledge about the combinational use of silicon (Si) and titanium dioxide (TiO) NPs to mitigate Cd stress, especially in rice, must be highlighted.

Papain-like cysteine proteases are required for the regulation of photosynthetic gene expression and acclimation to high light stress.

Chloroplasts are considered to be devoid of cysteine proteases. Using transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing the rice cystatin, oryzacystatin I (OC-I), in the chloroplasts (PC lines) or cytosol (CYS lines), we explored the hypothesis that cysteine proteases regulate photosynthesis. The CYS and PC lines flowered later than the wild type (WT) and accumulated more biomass after flowering.

Ascorbate-mediated regulation of growth, photoprotection, and photoinhibition in Arabidopsis thaliana.

The requirements for ascorbate for growth and photosynthesis were assessed under low (LL; 250 µmol m-2 s-1) or high (HL; 1600 µmol m-2 s-1) irradiance in wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and two ascorbate synthesis mutants (vtc2-1 and vtc2-4) that have 30% wild-type ascorbate levels. The low ascorbate mutants had the same numbers of leaves but lower rosette area and biomass than the wild type under LL. Wild-type plants experiencing HL had higher leaf ascorbate, anthocyanin, and xanthophyll pigments than under LL.

Inhibitor-induced oxidation of the nucleus and cytosol in implications for organelle to nucleus retrograde signalling.

Concepts of organelle-to-nucleus signalling pathways are largely based on genetic screens involving inhibitors of chloroplast and mitochondrial functions such as norflurazon, lincomycin (LINC), antimycin A (ANT) and salicylhydroxamic acid. These inhibitors favour enhanced cellular oxidation, but their precise effects on the cellular redox state are unknown. Using the reduction-oxidation (redox) reporter, roGFP2, inhibitor-induced changes in the glutathione redox potentials of the nuclei and cytosol were measured in root, epidermal and stomatal guard cells, together with the expression of nuclear-encoded chloroplast and mitochondrial marker genes.