Late onset epilepsy findings in a developmental country, a report of first results.

Introduction: Older patients with Late onset epilepsy (LOE) provide a special set of difficulties for both the treating doctors and the patients.

Objectives: To address the characteristics and treatment outcomes of LOE in a cohort of Egyptian population at a tertiary center and to assess factors affecting seizure freedom in this age group.

Methods: From December 1, 1995, to November 30, 2020, we analysed all patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy above the age of 50 at Cairo University's neurology department.

An Exploration of Spatial Visualization Skills: Investigating Students' Use of 3D Models in Science Problems during Think-Aloud Interviews.

Effective spatial visualization and reasoning skills are often credited for students' success in science and engineering courses. However, students enrolled in these science courses are not always exposed to or trained properly on the best ways to utilize models to aid in their learning. Improving spatial visualization techniques with 3D models, such as molecular and DNA modeling kits, is often suggested to facilitate students' ability to conceptualize compounds in two and three dimensions.

Preventing diabetes complications.

The key aim of diabetes management is to prevent complications, which are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. At an individual level, people with diabetes are less likely than they were several decades ago to experience classical macrovascular and microvascular complications as a result of improvements in modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and preventive healthcare. However, a significant burden of diabetes complications persists at a population level because of the increasing incidence of diabetes, as well as longer lifetime exposure to diabetes because of younger diagnosis and increased life expectancy.

Constructing analogies: Developing critical thinking through a collaborative task.

Analogies are used to make abstract topics meaningful and more easily comprehensible to learners. Incorporating simple analogies into STEM classrooms is a fairly common practice, but the analogies are typically generated and explained by the instructor for the learners. We hypothesize that challenging learners to create complex, extended analogies themselves can promote integration of content knowledge and development of critical thinking skills, which are essential for deep learning, but are challenging to teach.

Efficacy of Nitazoxanide, Nitazoxanide-Garlic Combination and Tinidazole in Treatment of and : Coproscopic Assessment.

Background: and are among the most common intestinal protozoa worldwide. Treatment of infection by metronidazole (MTZ) has some limitations. The objective of this study was to detect the prevalence of and among school-age children from December 2021 till March 2022 from Motoubes, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt, and determine the efficacy of nitazoxanide (NTZ), NTZ plus garlic and tinidazole (TIN) on and giardiasis infection.

Therapeutic efficacy of albendazole and berberine loaded on bovine serum albumin nanoparticles on intestinal and muscular phases of experimental trichinellosis.

There has been no treatment for trichinellosis until now. Therefore, this work targeted to investigating the efficacy of albendazole and berberine alone and loaded on bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles against intestinal and muscular phases of trichinellosis in mice. Mice were divided into nine different groups: negative control, positive control, blank nanoparticle, albendazole, berberine, a combination of albendazole and berberine, albendazole-loaded nanoparticle, berberine-loaded nanoparticle and combination of albendazole and berberine-loaded nanoparticle.

Predictors of severity and outcome of multiple sclerosis relapses.

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The most common type of MS is the relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) where relapses are the main component of the disease course. However, the relationship between the characteristics of the relapses on one hand and their severity and outcome on the other hand has not been fully characterized.

Early type 2 diabetes treatment intensification with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in primary care: An Australian perspective on guidelines and the global evidence.

Early and intensive management of type 2 diabetes has been shown to delay disease progression, reduce the risk of cardiorenal complications and prolong time to treatment failure. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are being increasingly recognized for their potential in early disease management, with recent guideline updates recommending second-line use of this injectable drug class alongside oral glucose-lowering drugs. GLP-1RAs target at least six of the eight core defects implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and offer significant glycaemic and weight-related improvements over other second-line agents in head-to-head trials.

Evaluation of faecal lactoferrin as a morbidity biomarker in Schistosoma mansoni infection.

Objective: Lactoferrin is an 80 KDa iron-binding glycoprotein that plays a significant role in the innate immune system and is considered to be an important microbicide molecule. This study aimed to assess the concentration of lactoferrin in Schistosoma mansoni-infected cases before and after praziquantel treatment.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 250 individuals aged from 5 to 30 years.

Determinants of Schistosoma mansoni transmission in hotspots at the late stage of elimination in Egypt.

Background: In certain settings, the prevalence and severity of schistosoma infection do not lessen despite repeated rounds of preventative chemotherapy; these areas are known as hotspots. This study aimed to investigate the role of human practices, besides environmental and malacological factors, in the maintenance of the Schistosoma mansoni infection transmission chain in hotspot areas in Egypt.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between July and November 2019 in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt.

and other intestinal parasites in school-aged children: coproscopic survey.

() is a large intestinal flagellated protozoan infecting humans. Little is known about the epidemiology of in Egypt, its association with gastrointestinal symptoms and the co-infection with other parasites. Demographic and clinical data were collected from 180 school-aged children.

Comparison of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and assemblage-specific primers for characterization of in children.

Background: is a diarrheagenic eukaryotic parasite that consists of at least eight morphologically identical but genetically distinct genotypes. Human giardiasis is caused mainly by A and B assemblages.

Aim And Objectives: The study aimed to compare the performance of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and assemblage-specific primers in genotyping of .

Diabetes and Ramadan: Practical guidelines 2021.

Fasting during Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam and is obligatory for all healthy Muslims from the age of puberty. Though individuals with some illness and serious medical conditions, including some people with diabetes, can be exempted from fasting, many will fast anyway. It is of paramount importance that people with diabetes that fast are given the appropriate guidance and receive proper care.

Detection and molecular identification of isolates from humans and cattle in northern Egypt.

is one of the less well-understood waterborne protozoa of medical and veterinary importance. The present study aimed to detect, identify, and subtype in cattle and humans in northern Egypt and to investigate the potential for zoonotic transmission. Fecal samples were collected from 136 humans (68 in contact with animals and 68 no animal contact) and 190 cattle from a rural area in Kafr El-Sheikh Province, Egypt.

Detection of assemblages A and B among children from three villages in the West Delta region, Egypt using assemblage specific primers.

is a common diarrheagenic parasite infecting children globally. It has been classified into eight morphologically identical but genetically distinct genotypes. Human infection is mainly associated with A and B assemblages with variable geographical distribution.

The aquaporin4-IgG status and how it affects the clinical features and treatment response in NMOSD patients in Egypt.

Background: In Egypt, the characterization of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is lacking.

Objectives: To determine the demographics, clinical features, aquaporin4 antibodies (AQP4-IgG) status, and neuroimaging of Egyptian NMOSD patients.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 70 NMOSD patients' records from the MS clinic, Kasr Alainy hospital, between January 2013 and June 2018.

Evaluation of Praziquantel Effectivenss After Decades of Prolonged Use in an Endemic Area in Egypt.

Purpose: Praziquantel (PZQ) is the preferred drug for schistomiasis treatment because of its safety. As PZQ is used for mass drug administration (MDA) in schistosomiasis endemic areas, the effectiveness of the drug, used solely for decades, should be continuously monitored to detect drug resistance. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of PZQ to cure Schistosoma mansoni infection and to reduce the intensity of infection in an endemic area by estimating the cure rate (CR), egg reduction rate (ERR), and comparing these estimates to the levels recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Should culture affect practice? A comparison of prognostic discussions in consultations with immigrant versus native-born cancer patients.

Objective: Poor prognosis is difficult to impart, particularly across a cultural divide. This study compared prognostic communication with immigrants (with and without interpreters) versus native-born patients in audio-taped oncology consultations.

Methods: Ten oncologists, 78 patients (31 Australian-born, 47 immigrants) and 115 family members participated.

Interpretation in consultations with immigrant patients with cancer: how accurate is it?

Purpose: Immigrants with cancer often have professional and/or family interpreters to overcome challenges communicating with their health team. This study explored the rate and consequences of nonequivalent interpretation in medical oncology consultations.

Patients And Methods: Consecutive immigrant patients with newly diagnosed with incurable cancer, who spoke Arabic, Cantonese, Mandarin, or Greek, were recruited from the practices of 10 medical oncologists in nine hospitals.

Grappling with cultural differences; communication between oncologists and immigrant cancer patients with and without interpreters.

Objective: Immigrants report challenges communicating with their health team. This study compared oncology consultations of immigrants with and without interpreters vs Anglo-Australian patients.

Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed incurable cancer who had immigrated from Arabic, Chinese or Greek speaking countries or were Anglo-Australian, and family members, were recruited from 10 medical oncologists in 9 hospitals.

Hair, sweat and tears.

Hirsutism is a frequent and distressing presenting symptom in women, often in the setting of menstrual irregularity and acne. While polycystic ovarian syndrome is a common cause, the differential diagnosis of hirsutism is wide ranging and requires a thorough history and appropriate investigations to exclude potentially serious underlying causes. Several serious underlying conditions require active exclusion, otherwise patients are at risk of missed diagnosis and long-term sequelae of the untreated primary disease.