Publications by authors named "Sarah A Thomas"

L-Arginine is the physiological substrate for the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) family, which synthesises nitric oxide (NO) in endothelial and neuronal cells. NO synthesis can be inhibited by endogenous asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). NO has explicit roles in cellular signalling and vasodilation.

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Article Synopsis
  • * A thorough analysis was conducted involving 4,486 initial records, resulting in 18 eligible studies, mainly focusing on trauma and originating from North America.
  • * The findings indicated that the 2023 studies were largely consistent with those from the previous decade in terms of diagnostic focus, geographic distribution, and journal impact factor.
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The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant changes in daily life, potentially impacting mental health and substance use behavior. Research on COVID-related changes in adolescent substance use have yielded mixed findings. The current cross-sectional chart review study compared rates of past-year substance use before and during COVID-19 among adolescent psychiatric inpatients, and investigated how motives for coping with COVID-19 changes were related to psychiatric acuity, and past-year substance use.

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  • Recent discussions in trauma care have focused on damage control resuscitation, the prehospital transfusion of blood products, and the preference for whole blood instead of separate components, particularly amidst blood product shortages.
  • There’s a shift in administering RhD-positive blood to females of childbearing potential (FCPs) during air medical transport, which could enhance benefits but also raises concerns about hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN).
  • Air medical transport programs should understand HDFN risks, have a plan to communicate RhD-incompatibility to receiving facilities, and be prepared to provide necessary prophylaxis for patients affected by this practice.
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Background And Importance: Suboptimal acute pain care has been previously reported to be associated with demographic characteristics.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess a healthcare system's multi-facility database of emergency attendances for abdominal pain, to assess for an association between demographics (age, sex, and ethnicity) and two endpoints: time delay to initial analgesia (primary endpoint) and selection of an opioid as the initial analgesic (secondary endpoint).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective observational study assessed four consecutive months' visits by adults (≥18 years) with a chief complaint of abdominal pain, in a UK National Health Service Trust's emergency department (ED).

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During adolescence, youth increase in both independence and conflict with parents. Parents vary in how much they know about their adolescents' whereabouts and activities and how they acquire this information (i.e.

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Urban particulate matter (PM; uPM) poses significant health risks, particularly to the respiratory system. Fine particles, such as PM2.5, can penetrate deep into the lungs and exacerbate a range of health problems, including emphysema, asthma, and lung cancer.

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Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a neglected parasitic disease that continues to persist in sub-Saharan Africa. It is fatal if untreated. The first stage of the disease is associated with the presence of the parasite in the periphery and the second stage with the presence of the parasites in the CNS.

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Early pubertal timing is associated with more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and increased risk for psychopathology during adolescence. However, most work to date has used community or epidemiological samples, and it remains unclear whether these associations persist in acute clinical samples. The present study examined associations between age at menarche and ACEs, psychiatric symptoms, and emotion regulation difficulties in a sample of N = 140 adolescents on a psychiatric inpatient unit.

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Urban particulate matter (uPM) poses significant health risks, particularly to the respiratory system. Fine particles, such as PM, can penetrate deep into the lungs and exacerbate a range of health problems, including emphysema, asthma, and lung cancer. PM exposure is also linked to extra-pulmonary disorders like heart and neurodegenerative diseases.

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Introduction: The Family Assessment Task (FAsTask) is an observer-rated parent-child interaction task used in adolescent substance use intervention. The parental monitoring component of the FAsTask is thought to provide an objective assessment of parental monitoring that can guide treatment planning and circumvent the potential limitations of self-report measures. Yet, the factor structure, measurement invariance, and concurrent validity of the parental monitoring FAsTask has not been evaluated; doing so is essential to effectively guide clinical care.

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Objective: Helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) literature has been assessed in reviews focusing on various diagnoses, but there are few, if any, summaries of the entire body of HEMS outcomes evidence. Our goal was to summarize the existing research addressing patient-centered outcomes potentially accrued with HEMS.

Methods: As part of the Critical Care Transport Collaborative Outcomes Research Effort, we generated the HEMS Outcomes Assessment Research Database and executed descriptive analyses of longitudinal trends from 1983 to 2022.

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Cognitive flexibility is an executive functioning skill that develops in childhood, and when impaired, has transdiagnostic implications for psychiatric disorders. To identify how intrinsic neural architecture at rest is linked to cognitive flexibility performance, we used the data-driven method of independent component analysis (ICA) to investigate resting state networks (RSNs) and their whole-brain connectivity associated with levels of cognitive flexibility performance in children. We hypothesized differences by cognitive flexibility performance in RSN connectivity strength in cortico-striatal circuitry, which would manifest via the executive control network, right and left frontoparietal networks (FPN), salience network, default mode network (DMN), and basal ganglia network.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates how the dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients affects their sensitivity to the antipsychotic amisulpride, suggesting a potential interaction with glucose transporter GLUT1.
  • Researchers used various methods, including molecular docking and in vitro studies, to analyze the interaction between amisulpride and GLUT1, ultimately finding no differences in the uptake of amisulpride in AD models compared to controls.
  • The findings highlight the degeneration of brain capillaries in humans with AD and suggest that while amisulpride interacts with GLUT1, the BBB transport mechanisms may not be significantly altered in AD compared to normal conditions.
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In the United States, there are approximately 750,000 ST-elevation myocardial infarction cases each year. Streamlined care and rapid delivery for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is associated with improved survival. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to generate a practical estimate of mortality savings for every notional 30-minute decrease in the time to achieving PPCI.

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Background And Aim: Helicopter EMS (HEMS) is a well-established mode of rapid transportation for patients with need for time-sensitive interventions, especially in patients with significant traumatic injuries. Traditionally in the setting of trauma, HEMS is often considered appropriate when used for patients with "severe" injury as defined by Injury Severity Score (ISS) >15. This may be overly conservative, and patients with a lower ISS may benefit from HEMS-associated speed or care quality.

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Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third-leading cause of cardiovascular death in the United States, and several studies suggest PE shows seasonal variation. Variation in monthly PE diagnosis may be due to pathophysiologic factors or confounding/bias. However, severe PE may be less prone to diagnostic bias.

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Background: Although siblings are conceptualized as a salient social influence during adolescence, few studies have examined how adolescent siblings influence each other's substance use and risky sexual behavior. In this study, we investigated the influence of alcohol use days, cannabis use days, and cannabis and alcohol co-use days on the sexual risk behavior of siblings while accounting for dyadic influence.

Methods: At the baseline visit for a randomized controlled trial for adolescents referred due to parents' concerns about their substance use ("referred adolescents"; n = 99; M=15.

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Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) drugs may modify risk associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therefore, we assessed whether baseline therapy with ACEIs or ARBs was associated with lower mortality, respiratory failure (noninvasive ventilation or intubation), and renal failure (new renal replacement therapy) in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. This retrospective registry-based observational cohort study used data from a national database of emergency department patients tested for SARS-CoV-2.

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Despite protective measures such as personal protective equipment (PPE) and a COVID airway management program (CAMP), some emergency physicians will inevitably test positive for COVID. We aim to develop a model predicting weekly numbers of emergency physician COVID converters to aid operations planning. The data were obtained from the electronic medical record (EMR) used throughout the national healthcare system.

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Introduction: The presence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated disease, COVID-19 has had an enormous impact on the operations of the emergency department (ED), particularly the triage area. The aim of the study was to derive and validate a prediction rule that would be applicable to Qatar's adult ED population to predict COVID-19-positive patients.

Methods: This is a retrospective study including adult patients.

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Alcohol and cannabis use frequently co-occur, which can result in problems from social and academic impairment to dependence (i.e., alcohol use disorder [AUD] and/or cannabis use disorder [CUD]).

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