Prenatal Cannabis Exposure and Executive Function and Aggressive Behavior at Age 5 Years.

Importance: Cannabis use during pregnancy is increasingly common in the US and may affect the development and behavior of preschool-aged children.

Objective: To prospectively investigate the association of prenatal cannabis exposure with executive function and aggressive behavior at age 5 years.

Design, Setting, Participants: This cohort study was conducted from 2016 through 2020.

Depiction of Homemade Infant Formula and Formula Hacks on Pinterest: An Unsafe and Unhealthy Pin for Infants?

Purpose: To examine Pinterest pins to discern the content, messaging and claims, and engagement with pins regarding formula hacking and homemade formula.

Background: The American Academy of Pediatrics and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention discourage formula hacking (ie, preparing formula not according to directions to extend its use) and making homemade infant formula due to its associated health risks. Yet, caregivers are using social media platforms to find information on these topics.

Leveraging machine learning to study how temperament scores predict pre-term birth status.

Background: Preterm birth (birth at <37 completed weeks gestation) is a significant public heatlh concern worldwide. Important health, and developmental consequences of preterm birth include altered temperament development, with greater dysregulation and distress proneness.

Aims: The present study leveraged advanced quantitative techniques, namely machine learning approaches, to discern the contribution of narrowly defined and broadband temperament dimensions to birth status classification (full-term vs.

Language and communication development and school readiness of children raised by grandparents or in multi-generational homes.

Background: One in ten U.S. children lives with a grandparent, and more foster children are being placed in kinship care.

Human Milk Feeding and Ultraprocessed Food Intake in Toddlerhood.

The objective of the study was to estimate associations between early-life human milk feeding and ultraprocessed food (UPF) intake at two timepoints during toddlerhood among children born at <35 weeks' gestation. Children were enrolled in the Omega Tots trial (2012-2017, Ohio) at 10-17 months' corrected age after having discontinued human milk and formula feeding. Caregivers reported children's human milk feeding history at baseline and past month diet through a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and follow-up (180 days later).

Associations of prenatal stress with 5-year-old children's executive function in a low socioeconomic status population.

Prenatal stress has a significant, but small, negative effect on children's executive function (EF) in middle and high socioeconomic status (SES) households. Importantly, rates and severity of prenatal stress are higher and protective factors are reduced in lower SES households, suggesting prenatal stress may be particularly detrimental for children's EF in this population. This study examined whether prenatal stress was linked to 5-year-old's EF in a predominantly low SES sample and child sex moderated this association, as males may be more vulnerable to adverse prenatal experiences.

Novel Implantation Technique for Thoracoabdominal Peripheral Nerve Stimulation via a Transversus Abdominal Plane Approach for Treatment of Chronic Abdominal Pain.

Background: Chronic abdominal pain (CAP) is a common and challenging to treat condition with a global prevalence of up to 25%. Despite extensive evaluation, approximately 40% of patients with CAP have an unknown diagnosis. Medications may be ineffective, and surgery is rarely indicated.

Household chaos, child temperament, and structure-related feeding practices in toddlerhood: A moderation analysis.

Structure-related feeding practices may promote intuitive child eating behaviors and foster responsiveness to internal cues of hunger and satiety. Caregivers' ability to engage in structure-related feeding practices likely depends on a complex ecology of factors, including household- and child-characteristics. This study examined associations between household chaos and structure-related feeding practices, and the moderating effect of child temperament.

Equivalent Performance of Exam Items Associated with Case-Based Learning, Flipped Classroom, and Lecture in a Pre-clerkship Medical Curriculum.

Unlabelled: The purpose of our study was to determine if knowledge acquisition, as measured by exam item performance, differed for active or passive learning activities in our medical curriculum. Additionally, we looked for differences in exam item performance in one second-year course that varies the method of an active learning activity, case-based collaborative learning (CBCL). Finally, we assessed whether item performance was impacted when small group activities were conducted online due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Self-Compassion and Depressive Symptoms as Determinants of Sensitive Parenting: Associations with Sociodemographic Characteristics in a Sample of Mothers and Toddlers.

Parenting that is sensitive and responsive to children's needs has been shown to support children's optimal growth and development in many cultural contexts. Numerous studies suggest that self-compassion is positively related to sensitive parenting. Despite growing research interest linking self-compassion to responsive parenting, there are considerable gaps in the literature.

Novel implantation technique for pudendal nerve peripheral nerve stimulation for treatment of chronic pelvic pain.

Background: Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a pervasive, difficult to treat condition affecting up to 26% of the global female and 8.2% of the global male population. Considered a form of chronic regional pain syndrome (CRPS), it is medically complex and often refractory to multimodal management.

The timing and quality of sleep was associated with dietary quality and anthropometry in toddlers born preterm.

Aim: The aim of the study was to examine prospective associations of sleep characteristics (duration, timing, quality) with dietary and anthropometric measures among toddlers born preterm (<35 weeks).

Methods: Children participated in the Omega Tots trial at 10-17 months' corrected age (Ohio, USA; 26 April 2012 to 6 April 2017). Caregivers reported toddlers' sleep at baseline using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire.

Sports Team Participation and Vaping Among High School Students: 2015-2019.

Background And Objectives: Electronic vapor products (EVPs) have gained popularity among adolescents despite the health risks. This study aimed to evaluate whether sports team participation, a well-established protective factor against cigarette use, is similarly associated with decreased EVP use.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed the 2015-2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey cohorts.

Associations between maternal exposure to surgery or pregnancy exposure to fluorinated anesthetics and children's cognitive development and educational outcomes.

A transgenerational, epigenetic effect of anesthesia, particularly fluorinated agents, has been examined in rat models, but translation to humans is unclear. This study examined associations of maternal lifetime exposure to anesthesia and pregnancy exposure to fluorinated anesthetics with child cognitive and educational outcomes. Women in the US Collaborative Perinatal Project (1959-1963) reported lifetime history of surgeries, and the obstetric record captured pregnancy exposure to anesthetics.

Caregiver Concern About Child Overweight/Obesity in Grandparent Versus Parent-Headed Households in the United States.

Objective: To examine the association of caregivers' concern about children's overweight and obesity status with family structure (grandparent versus parent-headed households).

Methods: Caregivers reported their relation to the child aged 10 to 17 years and the child's weight and height (National Survey of Children's Health 2016-20). Overweight/obesity was calculated using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts.

Mental health and parenting demands among grandparent caregivers of young U.S. children.

Substance abuse epidemics and changes in incarceration and foster care policies have recently placed more young children in grandparent custody. Grandmothers bear much of this caregiving responsibility. Our objective was to compare grandparent caregivers of preschool-aged children (grandparent(s) only or in multigenerational households) to parent caregivers, by caregiver sex, in their mental health, available emotional support, and capacity to manage parenting demands.

Preemie study protocol: a randomised controlled factorial trial testing web-based parent training and coaching with parents of children born very preterm.

Introduction: Children born very preterm (VPT; gestational age <32 weeks) are twice as likely to demonstrate behaviour problems such as aggression, non-compliance, temper tantrums and irritability compared with their term-born peers. While behavioural parent training (BPT), also referred to as behaviour therapy is a gold standard for prevention and treatment of childhood problem behaviours, there are limited accessible and effective BPT interventions for families with children born VPT. The purpose of this paper is to describe a multicentre, randomised controlled protocol for a factorial design trial evaluating the independent and combined effects of the Parent BPT intervention plus brief, weekly coaching calls on parent and child outcomes for families with toddlers born VPT.

Risk Perceptions about Cannabis Use and Receipt of Health-Related Information during Pregnancy.

Purpose: To understand risk perception about cannabis use during pregnancy.

Design: Mixed -Methods. Setting: Focus groups.