GaAs Solar Cells Grown Directly on V-Groove Si Substrates.

The direct epitaxial growth of high-quality III-V semiconductors on Si is a challenging materials science problem with a number of applications in optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells and on-chip lasers. We report the reduction of dislocation density in GaAs solar cells grown directly on nanopatterned V-groove Si substrates by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy. Starting from a template of GaP on V-groove Si, we achieved a low threading dislocation density (TDD) of 3 × 10 cm in the GaAs by performing thermal cycle annealing of the GaAs followed by growth of InGaAs dislocation filter layers.

Surgical Decision-Making: Who Should Be Offered Sacrocolpopexy?

Introduction And Hypothesis: Women undergoing surgery for apical pelvic organ prolapse have several medically sound options for specific surgical approaches.

Methods: We review the principles of shared decision-making as they pertain to surgery for prolapse. We review the literature supporting the superior sacrocolpopexy as a durable treatment for prolapse and the factors that may differentiate it from other repairs in risk and benefit.

Impacts of fire and prospects for recovery in a tropical peat forest ecosystem.

Uncontrolled fires place considerable burdens on forest ecosystems, compromising our ability to meet conservation and restoration goals. A poor understanding of the impacts of fire on ecosystems and their biodiversity exacerbates this challenge, particularly in tropical regions where few studies have applied consistent analytical techniques to examine a broad range of ecological impacts over multiyear time frames. We compiled 16 y of data on ecosystem properties (17 variables) and biodiversity (21 variables) from a tropical peatland in Indonesia to assess fire impacts and infer the potential for recovery.

Excluding Male Trainees in Obstetrics and Gynecology: Why We Do It and Why It's Wrong.

This article explores the current landscape of clinical education in obstetrics and gynecology for medical students, residents, and fellows who identify as male. Academic, clinical instruction should be inclusive for the betterment of the training experience for all, but most importantly, for the betterment of women's health.

Successful Use of Acellular Small Intestinal Submucosa Graft in Vaginal Reconstruction.

Purpose: Various techniques for neovaginal construction have been employed in the pediatric and adult populations, including the use of intestinal segments, buccal mucosal grafts, and skin grafts. Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) extracellular matrix grafts have been described as a viable alternative, though prior experience is limited. Our purpose was to assess operative characteristics and patient outcomes with neovaginal construction using SIS grafts.

Nest material preferences in wild hazel dormice : testing predictions from optimal foraging theory.

Obtaining nesting material presents an optimal foraging problem, collection of materials incurs a cost in terms of risk of predation and energy spent and individuals must balance these costs with the benefits of using that material in the nest. The hazel dormouse, is an endangered British mammal in which both sexes build nests. However, whether material used in their construction follows the predictions of optimal foraging theory is unknown.

Sex Differences in Commercial Patient Reviews of Women and Men Urogynecologic Surgeons.

Objective: The objective of our study was to describe differences in commercial patient reviews of women and men urogynecologic surgeons.

Materials And Methods: Reviews of surgeons on Healthgrades.com in 4 metropolitan areas were included.

Ultrasound-Measured Urethral Length Does Not Change following Minimally Invasive Sacrocolpopexy for Pelvic Organ Prolapse.

Objectives: To compare urethral length (UL), as measured by three-dimenstional transvaginal ultrasound, before and after minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy (SCP).

Methods: Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of women undergoing SCP for prolapse beyond the hymen with or without a concomitant anti-incontinence procedure. Participants underwent ultrasound at baseline and 14 weeks postoperatively.

Multiple constraints on urban bird communication: both abiotic and biotic noise shape songs in cities.

Ambient noise can cause birds to adjust their songs to avoid masking. Most studies investigate responses to a single noise source (e.g.

International Urogynecological Consultation: clinical definition of pelvic organ prolapse.

Introduction And Hypothesis: This segment of Chapter 1 of the International Urogynecology Consultation (IUC) on pelvic organ prolapse (POP) reviews the literature on the clinical definition of POP with the intent of creating standard terminology.

Methods: An international group containing nine urogynecologists and one university-based medical librarian performed a search of the literature using pre-specified search terms in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. Publications were eliminated if not relevant to the clinical definition of POP, and those articles remaining were evaluated for quality using the Specialist Unit for Review Evidence (SURE).

Surgical Management of Stress Incontinence.

The aim was to describe contemporary surgical procedures for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women. The 4 most commonly performed surgical procedures for the treatment of SUI were reviewed using standardized terminology. We addressed the history and evolution of the procedures as well as the mechanisms of action by which they work.

The Influence of Patients' Goals on Surgical Satisfaction.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to describe patients' surgical goals and determine if goal attainment is associated with postoperative satisfaction and regret.

Methods: Women undergoing surgery for pelvic floor disorders between June and December 2019 were recruited. At their initial visit, patients listed up to 4 surgical goals.

Rates of Sling Procedures and Revisions-A National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe trends in sling procedures and revisions, including fascial slings and midurethral slings (MUS) using a large, national database with respect to the 2011 U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) mesh-related safety communication.

Impact of a Web-Based Decisional Aid on Satisfaction in Women Undergoing Prolapse Surgery.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine whether a computerized, condition-specific Decision Analysis Tool (DAT) for the surgical treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) improves patient satisfaction and alters decision making.

Methods: Together with a health care startup company, we created a computerized DAT using the best evidence available on success rates and risks associated with sacrocolpopexy, native tissue apical suspension, and colpocleisis. Consecutively scheduled women before and after implementation of the DAT in an academic practice of 4 fellowship-trained, board-certified urogynecologists were included.

Restricted Convalescence Following Urogynecologic Procedures: 1-Year Outcomes From a Randomized Controlled Study.

Objective: To assess the relationship between postoperative activity recommendations and satisfaction and anatomic and functional outcomes 1 year after surgery for symptomatic prolapse.

Methods: This is a planned secondary analysis reporting 1-year functional and anatomic outcomes of a multicenter, randomized, double-masked clinical trial "ReCOUP." In the original trial, women undergoing surgery for prolapse were randomized to liberal (no limitations on physical activity) or restricted (heavy lifting and high-impact activity prohibited) postoperative activity recommendations for 3 months after surgery.

Does a Hysterectomy Hurt? Comparing Narcotic Requirements and Pain Scores in Patients Undergoing Apical Prolapse Repair With or Without Hysterectomy.

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare narcotic requirements with early postoperative pain scores in women undergoing apical prolapse surgery with or without hysterectomy.

Methods: All cases of apical prolapse repair at our institution in 2016 were identified. The following was abstracted from the health record: demographics, comorbidities, procedure details, baseline and postoperative care unit (PACU) pain scores, and operating room (OR) and PACU narcotic doses.

Pregnancy in Women With Prior Treatments for Pelvic Floor Disorders.

Although the peak incidence of surgery for pelvic floor disorders does not occur until after menopause, an increasing number of younger women are seeking treatment for these problems. Whereas most surgeons would recommend delaying surgery until the completion of childbearing, published cases and case series address outcomes after subsequent pregnancies in women who have been treated for urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. This document synthesizes the available evidence on the impact of pregnancy on women with prior treatment for pelvic floor disorders and on the impact of these prior treatments on subsequent pregnancy.

Unsupervised Machine Learning of Topics Documented by Nurses about Hospitalized Patients Prior to a Rapid-Response Event.

Background: In the hospital setting, it is crucial to identify patients at risk for deterioration before it fully develops, so providers can respond rapidly to reverse the deterioration. Rapid response (RR) activation criteria include a subjective component ("worried about the patient") that is often documented in nurses' notes and is hard to capture and quantify, hindering active screening for deteriorating patients.

Objectives: We used unsupervised machine learning to automatically discover RR event risk/protective factors from unstructured nursing notes.

CONCERN Factorial Design Survey (FDS) Methods Test: Using REDCap as a Survey Platform.

We assessed the feasibility of using REDCap as a factorial design survey (FDS) platform. REDCap lacks randomization and automation functionality, requiring the development of a workaround. A template survey was created containing all vignettes, copied for each survey instance and edited to hide unwanted content.

Towards Analytics of the Patient and Family Perspective: A Case Study and Recommendations for Data Capture of Safety and Quality Concerns.

Safety reporting systems are improving our current understanding of safety in hospital settings, although mostly from the clinician perspective. Patient Family Relations (PFR) programs provide the opportunity to capture patient/family concerns in the hospital. Descriptive statistics were completed of PFR concern submissions over a 20 month period, as well as a comparison of structured data fields to those of the AHRQ Common Format.