Longitudinal associations of retinal vessel morphology with intraocular pressure and blood pressure at follow-up visit-Findings from a Danish eye and vision cohort, Project FOREVER.

Purpose: To characterise the retinal vasculometry of a Danish eye and vision cohort and examine associations with systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, mean arterial BP, and intraocular pressure (IOP).

Design: Longitudinal study.

Methods: The retinal vasculature of fundus images from the FOREVER (Finding Ophthalmic Risks and Evaluating the Value of Eye exams and their predictive Reliability) cohort was analysed using a fully automated image analysis program.

Ethnic disparities in progression rates for sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy in diabetic eye screening: a population-based retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: The English Diabetic Eye Screening Programme (DESP) offers people living with diabetes (PLD) annual eye screening. We examined incidence and determinants of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) in a sociodemographically diverse multi-ethnic population.

Research Design And Methods: North East London DESP cohort data (January 2012 to December 2021) with 137 591 PLD with no retinopathy, or non-STDR at baseline in one/both eyes, were used to calculate STDR incidence rates by sociodemographic factors, diabetes type, and duration.

Automated analysis of vessel morphometry in retinal images from a Danish high street optician setting.

Purpose: To evaluate the test performance of the QUARTZ (QUantitative Analysis of Retinal vessel Topology and siZe) software in detecting retinal features from retinal images captured by health care professionals in a Danish high street optician chain, compared with test performance from other large population studies (i.e., UK Biobank) where retinal images were captured by non-experts.

GWAS on retinal vasculometry phenotypes.

The eye is the window through which light is transmitted and visual sensory signalling originates. It is also a window through which elements of the cardiovascular and nervous systems can be directly inspected, using ophthalmoscopy or retinal imaging. Measurements of ocular parameters may therefore offer important information on the physiology and homeostasis of these two important systems.

Retinal microvascular associations with cardiometabolic risk factors differ by diabetes status: results from the UK Biobank.

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of the study was to examine the association of retinal vessel morphometry with BP, body composition and biochemistry, and to determine whether these associations differ by diabetes status.

Methods: The UK Biobank ocular assessment included 68,550 participants aged 40-70 years who underwent non-mydriatic retinal photography, BP and body composition measurements, and haematological analysis. A fully automated image analysis program provided measurements of retinal vessel diameter and tortuosity.

Image collection and annotation platforms to establish a multi-source database of oral lesions.

Objective: To describe the development of a platform for image collection and annotation that resulted in a multi-sourced international image dataset of oral lesions to facilitate the development of automated lesion classification algorithms.

Materials And Methods: We developed a web-interface, hosted on a web server to collect oral lesions images from international partners. Further, we developed a customised annotation tool, also a web-interface for systematic annotation of images to build a rich clinically labelled dataset.

Retinal Vascular Tortuosity and Diameter Associations with Adiposity and Components of Body Composition.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether adiposity or body composition relates to microvascular characteristics of the retina, indicative of cardiometabolic function.

Methods: A fully automated QUARTZ software processed retinal images from 68,550 UK Biobank participants (aged 40-69 years). Differences in retinal vessel diameter and tortuosity with body composition measures from the Tanita analyzer were obtained by using multilevel regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, clinic, smoking, and Townsend deprivation index.

Retinal Vasculometry Associations With Glaucoma: Findings From the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer-Norfolk Eye Study.

Purpose: To examine retinal vasculometry associations with different glaucomas in older British people.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: A total of 8,623 European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk Eye study participants were examined, who underwent retinal imaging, ocular biometry assessment, and clinical ascertainment of ocular hypertensive or glaucoma status (including glaucoma suspect [GS], high-tension open-angle glaucoma [HTG], and normal-tension glaucoma [NTG]).

Associations of Retinal Microvascular Diameters and Tortuosity With Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness: United Kingdom Biobank.

To examine the baseline associations of retinal vessel morphometry with blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness in United Kingdom Biobank. The United Kingdom Biobank included 68 550 participants aged 40 to 69 years who underwent nonmydriatic retinal imaging, BP, and arterial stiffness index assessment. A fully automated image analysis program (QUARTZ [Quantitative Analysis of Retinal Vessel Topology and Size]) provided measures of retinal vessel diameter and tortuosity.

Retinal Vasculometry Associations with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer-Norfolk Study.

Purpose: To examine associations between retinal vessel morphometry and cardiometabolic risk factors in older British men and women.

Design: Retinal imaging examination as part of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk Eye Study.

Participants: Retinal imaging and clinical assessments were carried out in 7411 participants.

Localization and segmentation of optic disc in retinal images using circular Hough transform and grow-cut algorithm.

Automated retinal image analysis has been emerging as an important diagnostic tool for early detection of eye-related diseases such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. In this paper, we have presented a robust methodology for optic disc detection and boundary segmentation, which can be seen as the preliminary step in the development of a computer-assisted diagnostic system for glaucoma in retinal images. The proposed method is based on morphological operations, the circular Hough transform and the grow-cut algorithm.

Delineation of blood vessels in pediatric retinal images using decision trees-based ensemble classification.

Purpose: Automatic segmentation of the retinal vasculature is a first step in computer-assisted diagnosis and treatment planning. The extraction of retinal vessels in pediatric retinal images is challenging because of comparatively wide arterioles with a light streak running longitudinally along the vessel's center, the central vessel reflex. A new method for automatic segmentation was developed and tested.

An ensemble classification-based approach applied to retinal blood vessel segmentation.

This paper presents a new supervised method for segmentation of blood vessels in retinal photographs. This method uses an ensemble system of bagged and boosted decision trees and utilizes a feature vector based on the orientation analysis of gradient vector field, morphological transformation, line strength measures, and Gabor filter responses. The feature vector encodes information to handle the healthy as well as the pathological retinal image.

Retinal arteriolar tortuosity and cardiovascular risk factors in a multi-ethnic population study of 10-year-old children; the Child Heart and Health Study in England (CHASE).

Objective: To examine the association between cardiovascular risk factors and retinal arteriolar tortuosity in a multi-ethnic child population.

Methods And Results: Cross sectional study of 986 UK primary school children of South Asian, black African Caribbean, and white European origin aged 10 to 11 years. Anthropometric measurements and retinal imaging were carried out and a fasting blood sample collected.

Measuring retinal vessel tortuosity in 10-year-old children: validation of the Computer-Assisted Image Analysis of the Retina (CAIAR) program.

Purpose: To examine the agreement of a novel computer program measuring retinal vessel tortuosity with subjective assessment of tortuosity in school-aged children.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of 387 retinal vessels (193 arterioles, 194 veins) from 28 eyes of 14 children (aged 10 years). Retinal digital images were analyzed using the Computer Assisted Image Analysis of the Retina (CAIAR) program, including 14 measures of tortuosity.

Diabetes and the tortuosity of vessels of the bulbar conjunctiva.

Objectives: Diabetes is associated with loss of capillaries and macrovessel dilation in the conjunctiva, similar to well-known vessel changes in the retina. However, little is known about the effect of diabetes on the tortuosity of vessels of the conjunctiva. The authors examined the tortuosity of conjunctival vessels in participants with and without diabetes.