Publications by authors named "Saradee Warit"

Tuberculosis (TB) is the first infectious disease to be screened-out from specified pathogen-free cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis; Mf) using in human pharmaceutical testing. Being in either latent or active stage after exposure to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), the monkey gamma-interferon release assay (mIGRA) was previously introduced for early TB detection. However, a notable incidence of indeterminate results was observed.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (Mtbc), which develops from asymptomatic latent TB to active stages. The microbiome was purposed as a potential factor affecting TB pathogenesis, but the study was limited. The present study explored the association between gut-pharyngeal microbiome and TB stages in cynomolgus macaques using the full-length 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing based on Oxford Nanopore Technologies.

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The detection and management of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) infection, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), in macaques, including cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), are of significant concern in research and regions where macaques coexist with humans or other animals. This study explored the utility of the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay, a widely adopted molecular diagnostic tool to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) in humans, to detect DNA from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in clinical samples obtained from cynomolgus macaques. This investigation involved a comprehensive comparative analysis, integrating established conventional diagnostic methodologies, assessing oropharyngeal-tracheal wash (PW) and buccal swab (BS) specimen types, and follow-up assessments at 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month intervals.

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The uneven immunogenicity of the attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine has made it difficult to achieve balanced protection against all four serotypes of the dengue virus (DENV). To overcome this problem, non-replicative vaccines have come into focus, as their immunogenicity is adjustable. This approach is excellent for multivalent vaccines but commonly faces the issue of low immunogenicity.

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Surveillance of infectious diseases in free-ranging or wild animals has been widely conducted in many habitat-range countries after the COVID-19 episode. Thailand is located in the center of the distribution range of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis; Mf) where the animals have both frequent human contact and a high prevalence of human tuberculosis. For the large-scale detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) using IS6110-nested PCR in free-ranging Mf, non-invasive sampling was developed using oral (via rope bait) and fecal (direct swabs of fresh feces) specimen collection.

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Elephants are susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) complex (MTBC) infections. Diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in elephants is difficult, and most approaches used for human TB diagnosis are not applicable.

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Multi-stage tuberculosis (TB) vaccines composed of active- and dormancy-associated antigens are promising to trigger the immune protection against all TB stages. However, scientists are still in quest of the suitable vaccine candidates. In this study, we identified the potential targets for this vaccine in a high TB burden country, Thailand.

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The wild-born long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) were recently recruited and used as breeders for the National Primate Research Center of Thailand, Chulalongkorn University (NPRCT-CU), and changes in their in-depth gut microbiota profiles were investigated. The Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) was used to explore full-length 16S rDNA sequences of gut microbiota in animals once captured in their natural habitat and 1-year following translocation and housing in a hygienic environment at NPRCT-CU. Our findings show that the gut microbiota of macaques after 1 year of hygienic housing and programmed diets feeding was altered and reshaped.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Using throat, buccal, and rectal swabs, we found that the rhesus macaques had a higher prevalence of TB, and all Burmese long-tailed macaques tested positive.
  • * The best samples for TB detection came from throat swabs, with adult macaques showing higher infection rates than younger ones, while human-macaque interactions were not linked to TB prevalence, although zoonotic transmission is a concern.
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Objective: To develop a testing algorithm that incorporates multiple assays to evaluate host cellular and humoral immunity and antigen detection concerning Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) infection in captive nonhuman primates.

Animals: Cohorts of captive-bred and wild-caught macaques from 5 different geographic regions.

Procedures: Macaques were tested for MTBC infection by use of a γ interferon tuberculosis (GIFT) assay, an interferon-γ release assay, and other assays.

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Objective: To elucidate the antigenic potential of dormancy-associated antigens Rv2659c and Rv3128c of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by examining the persistence of specific IgG and IgA memory B cells (MBCs) among patients with active tuberculosis (TB), household contacts with latent tuberculosis (LTBI), and an endemic healthy control group.

Methods: Fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the three study groups were used to enumerate the numbers of IgG and IgA MBCs specific to recombinant protein Rv2659c and Rv3128c by ELISpot assay. The composition of MBC subsets IgA and IgG was analyzed by flow cytometry.

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Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne virus that poses an incomparable public health problem, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas. Vaccination remains the most rational measure for controlling DENV infection. In this study, an ultraviolet irradiation (UV)-inactivated DENV-2 carried by -trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles (UV-inactivated DENV2 TMC NPs) was investigated as a potential non-replicating dengue vaccine candidate.

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The loop-mediated isothermal amplification coupled with lateral flow dipstick (SNP-LAMP-LFD) was recently developed to detect single nucleotide polymorphism (AT → AT), corresponding to substitution of asparagine to isoleucine at amino acid position 51 in the gene associated with antifolate resistance. In this present study, the SNP-LAMP-LFD was validated on 128 clinical malaria samples of broad ranged parasite densities (10 to 87,634 parasites per microliter of blood). The results showed 100% accuracy for the detection of single nucleotide polymorphism for N51I mutation.

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Tuberculosis is highly contagious disease that can be transmitted between humans and animals. Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in captivity live in close contact with humans in many Asian countries. In this study, we developed an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) for elephant TB detection using antigens from the MTB complex (MTBC) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) as stimulating antigens (PPD, ESAT6, CFP10) to elicit a cell-mediated immune response (CMIR).

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Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of dengue virus (DENV) is currently recognized as a dengue vaccine candidate. Unfortunately, most of non-replicating immunogens typically stimulate unsatisfactory immune responses, thus, the additional adjuvant is required. In this study, C-terminal truncated DENV-2 NS1 loaded in N,N,N, trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles (NS1TMC NPs) was prepared through the ionic gelation method.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study focuses on the prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium infections in 7 hamlets in Tak Province, Thailand, highlighting the need to identify these infections to combat the ongoing malaria reservoir in the population.* -
  • A total of 3,650 blood samples were analyzed using both light microscopy and a sensitive molecular method called LAMP, which revealed a significantly higher rate of sub-microscopic infections (2.33%) compared to what microscopy detected (0.27%).* -
  • The findings show that 95% of sub-microscopic cases were asymptomatic and that the highest infection rates were among individuals aged 31-45, particularly those working on plantations or as merchants, emphasizing the limitations of traditional
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In the process of evaluating the effect of several plant extracts against using the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA), an extract of Thai herb rhizome and its major component, 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), exhibited marked anti-tuberculosis activity. The minimal inhibition concentrations (MICs) of the -enantiomer of ACA (-ACA) against H37R ATCC 25177 and H37R ATCC 27294 strains were 0.2 µg/mL and 0.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis is naturally resistant to clarithromycin (CLR). The genes Rv3197A (whiB7) and Rv1988 (ermMT) have been shown to be involved in the resistant phenotype. In this study, a CLR-susceptible M.

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Dengue viruses (DENVs) are among the most rapidly and efficiently spreading arboviruses. WHO recently estimated that about half of the world's population is now at risk for DENV infection. There is no specific treatment or vaccine available to treat or prevent DENV infections.

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Dengue virus (DENV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, can be transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes. The incidence of dengue has increased worldwide over the past few decades. Inadequate vector control, changing global ecology, increased urbanization, and faster global travel are factors enhancing the rapid spread of the virus and its vector.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study focuses on understanding the functions of two proteins, Rv2135c and Rv0489, from the pathogenic bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, highlighting the need for experimental validation as many protein functions are inaccurately annotated.* -
  • The results show that Rv0489 has phosphoglycerate mutase activity while Rv2135c has acid phosphatase activity with an optimal pH of 5.8, revealing their distinct functional roles in the bacteria.* -
  • The research suggests that many proteins similar to Rv2135c are mislabeled as phosphoglycerate mutases in other bacteria, indicating a gap in knowledge that could be addressed by studying more bacterial histidine phosphat
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The emergence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) makes the control of tuberculosis (TB) difficult. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop new anti-TB drugs. Alternatively, drugs that have already been used in humans as anti-infectives and later found to have antitubercular activity might be useful as anti-TB drugs, particularly against drug-resistant TB.

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Article Synopsis
  • Acanthamoeba is a type of protozoa that can cause serious diseases in humans, and it's hard to control because there aren't effective and safe treatments available.
  • Researchers found that fusaric acid and dehydrofusaric acid, extracted from a fungus called Fusarium fujikuroi, can kill Acanthamoeba in lab tests.
  • The study shows that these compounds have low toxicity and could lead to new ways to treat Acanthamoeba infections or manage them in the environment.
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A Thai Acanthamoeba isolate named AS recovered from a corneal scraping of a keratitis patient was genotypically determined as T4. AS trophozoites were used for studying Acanthamoeba-induced apoptosis in mouse neuroblastoma NA cells during in vitro co-cultivation. The Acanthamoeba-exposed NA cells showed signs of apoptosis including cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation.

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In this study, we report the results of cloning, sequencing and functional analysis by complementation test of the putative Cryptococcus neoformans homolog CnSRB1. The nucleotide sequence revealed 63% identity, and the deduced amino acid sequence showed 66 and 64% identity to its respective homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans, respectively. Functional complementation test indicated that the putative CnSRB1 gene could compensate the defect caused by a mutation in ScSRB1 in the S.

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