Potential Adaptive Introgression From Dogs in Iberian Grey Wolves (Canis lupus).

Invading species along with increased anthropogenization may lead to hybridization events between wild species and closely related domesticates. As a consequence, wild species may carry introgressed alleles from domestic species, which is generally assumed to yield adverse effects in wild populations. The opposite evolutionary consequence, adaptive introgression, where introgressed genes are positively selected in the wild species, is possible but has rarely been documented.

Examining clinicians' fatigue in a pediatric emergency department.

We examined fatigue among emergency department (ED) clinicians. ED clinicians are susceptible to burnout, because of fatigue. Fatigue represents a latent hazard in ED care, being associated with impaired clinician performance, poor patient outcomes, and a negative impact on patient safety.

Impact of H37Rv Infection on Extracellular Vesicle Cargo in Macrophages: Implications for Host-Pathogen Interaction.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common respiratory infections worldwide, and it is caused by (). employs immune evasion mechanisms that allow the disease to become chronic. Despite extensive research, the host-pathogen interaction remains incompletely understood.

COVID-19 extracellular vesicles display heterogeneity based on viral and host RNA expression: implications for host immune response.

Viral RNA and miRNAs released by immune cells contribute to inflammation in COVID-19 patients. Here, we investigated the role of SARS-CoV2 RNA and host miRNAs carried within extracellular vesicles (EVs) in modulating inflammation. EVs were classified as positive or negative depending on their viral RNA cargo.

Bactericidal Permeability-Increasing Protein (BPI) Inhibits Growth.

Bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (BPI) is a multifunctional cationic protein produced by neutrophils, eosinophils, fibroblasts, and macrophages with antibacterial anti-inflammatory properties. In the context of Gram-negative infection, BPI kills bacteria, neutralizes the endotoxic activity of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), and, thus, avoids immune hyperactivation. Interestingly, BPI increases in patients with Gram-positive meningitis, interacts with lipopeptides and lipoteichoic acids of Gram-positive bacteria, and significantly enhances the immune response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Reduced IL-8 Secretion by NOD-like and Toll-like Receptors in Blood Cells from COVID-19 Patients.

Severe inflammatory responses are associated with the misbalance of innate and adaptive immunity. TLRs, NLRs, and cytokine receptors play an important role in pathogen sensing and intracellular control, which remains unclear in COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate IL-8 production in blood cells from COVID-19 patients in a two-week follow-up evaluation.

Transcultural adaptation of the revised caregiving appraisal scale (RCAS) in the Spanish population.

Aim: To develop a transcultural adaptation of the Revised Caregiving Appraisal Scale among Spanish caregivers of dependent older people and to test the psychometric properties of the scale.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: The Revised Caregiving Appraisal Scale was transculturally adapted to the Spanish population following the methodology of direct and back translation.

Versatile New Reagent for Nitrosation under Mild Conditions.

Here we report a new chemical reagent for transnitrosation under mild experimental conditions. This new reagent is stable to air and moisture across a broad range of temperatures and is effective for transnitrosation in multiple solvents. Compared with traditional nitrosation methods, our reagent shows high functional group tolerance for substrates that are susceptible to oxidation or reversible transnitrosation.

Pleistocene climate fluctuations drove demographic history of African golden wolves (Canis lupaster).

Pleistocene climate change impacted entire ecosystems throughout the world. In the northern hemisphere, the distribution of Arctic species expanded during glacial periods, while more temperate and mesic species contracted into climatic refugia, where isolation drove genetic divergence. Cycles of local cooling and warming in the Sahara region of northern Africa caused repeated contractions and expansions of savannah-like environments which connected mesic species isolated in refugia during interglacial times, possibly driving population expansions and contractions; divergence and geneflow in the associated fauna.

Impact of Active Video Games on Body Mass Index in Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Evaluating the Quality of Primary Studies.

Objective: To study the impact of active video games on Body Mass Index (BMI) in children and adolescents.

Design And Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Data were pooled in meta-analysis using the method of random effects or fixed effects, as appropriate, after examination of statistical heterogeneity.

Resolvin D1 (RvD1) and maresin 1 (Mar1) contribute to human macrophage control of M. tuberculosis infection while resolving inflammation.

Resolvins and protectins counter inflammation, enhance phagocytosis, induce bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) expression, and restore inflamed tissue to homeostasis. Because modulating the inflammation/antiinflammation balance is important in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, we evaluated the effects of resolvins and protectins on human macrophages infected in vitro. Monocyte-derived macrophages were infected with M.

Effect of a Resuscitation Strategy Targeting Peripheral Perfusion Status vs Serum Lactate Levels on 28-Day Mortality Among Patients With Septic Shock: The ANDROMEDA-SHOCK Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Abnormal peripheral perfusion after septic shock resuscitation has been associated with organ dysfunction and mortality. The potential role of the clinical assessment of peripheral perfusion as a target during resuscitation in early septic shock has not been established.

Objective: To determine if a peripheral perfusion-targeted resuscitation during early septic shock in adults is more effective than a lactate level-targeted resuscitation for reducing mortality.

Structure-activity relationship studies of 1,7-diheteroarylhepta-1,4,6-trien-3-ones with two different terminal rings in prostate epithelial cell models.

To systematically investigate the structure-activity relationships of 1,7-diheteroarylhepta-1,4,6-trien-3-ones in three human prostate cancer cell models and one human prostate non-neoplastic epithelial cell model, thirty five 1,7-diarylhepta-1,4,6-trien-3-ones with different terminal heteroaromatic rings have been designed for evaluation of their anti-proliferative potency in vitro. These target compounds have been successfully synthesized through two sequential Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reactions starting from the appropriate aldehydes and tetraethyl (2-oxopropane-1,3-diyl)bis(phosphonate). Their anti-proliferative potency against PC-3, DU-145 and LNCaP human prostate cancer cell lines can be significantly enhanced by the manipulation of the terminal heteroaromatic rings, further demonstrating the utility of 1,7-diarylhepta-1,4,6-trien-3-one as a potential scaffold for the development of anti-prostate cancer agents.

Loperamide Restricts Intracellular Growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Lung Macrophages.

New approaches for improving tuberculosis (TB) control using adjunct host-directed cellular and repurposed drug therapies are needed. Autophagy plays a crucial role in the response to TB, and a variety of autophagy-inducing drugs that are currently available for various medical conditions may serve as an adjunct treatment in pulmonary TB. Here, we evaluated the potential of loperamide, carbamazepine, valproic acid, verapamil, and rapamycin to enhance the antimicrobial immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb).

Multisensory Stimulation as an Intervention Strategy for Elderly Patients With Severe Dementia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of multisensory stimulation environment (MSSE) and one-to-one activity sessions in the symptomatology of elderly individuals with severe dementia. Thirty-two participants were randomly assigned to the following 3 groups: MSSE, activity, and control group. The MSSE and activity groups participated in two 30-minute weekly sessions over 16 weeks.

Humoral and cellular responses to a non-adjuvanted monovalent H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine in hospital employees.

Background: The efficacy of the H1N1 influenza vaccine relies on the induction of both humoral and cellular responses. This study evaluated the humoral and cellular responses to a monovalent non-adjuvanted pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccine in occupationally exposed subjects who were previously vaccinated with a seasonal vaccine.

Methods: Sixty healthy workers from a respiratory disease hospital were recruited.

Human {beta}-defensin 2 is expressed and associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis during infection of human alveolar epithelial cells.

To determine the role of human beta-defensin 2 (HBD-2) in human tuberculosis, we studied the in vitro induction of HBD-2 gene expression by Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv infection in the human lung epithelial cell line A549, in alveolar macrophages (AM), and in blood monocytes (MN) by reverse transcription-PCR. We also studied the induction of HBD-2 gene expression by mannose lipoarabinomannan (manLAM) from M. tuberculosis.