Patient and Hospital Characteristics Associated with Admission Among Patients With Minor Isolated Extremity Firearm Injuries: A Propensity-Matched Analysis.

Objective: To quantify the association between insurance and hospital admission following minor isolated extremity firearm injury.

Background: The association between insurance and injury admission has not been examined.

Methods: This was an observational retrospective cohort study of minor isolated extremity firearm injury captured in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient and Emergency Department Databases in 6 states (New York, Arkansas, Wisconsin, Massachusetts, Florida, and Maryland) from 2016 to 2017 among patients aged 16 years or older.

The impact of health policy on surgical and trauma patients: Three key examples.

Health policy impacts the way surgical and trauma patients access, recover from, and pay for the medical care we deliver. In this editorial, we highlight 3 major policy directives that have or will affect millions of surgical and injured patients-Medicaid expansion, surprise billing, and housing in previously redlined districts. In doing so, we aim to elucidate the mechanisms by which health policies impact our patients and encourage participation and inquiry among surgeons when new health policies are being proposed at a national, state, or local level.

Impact of Medicaid Expansion and Firearm Legislation on Cost of Firearm Injuries.

Introduction: Firearm injury-related hospitalizations in the U.S. cost $900 million annually.

A decade of hospital costs for firearm injuries in the United States by region, 2005-2015: government healthcare costs and firearm policies.

Background: Firearm injuries are a costly, national public health emergency, and government-sponsored programs frequently pay these hospital costs. Understanding regional differences in firearm injury burden may be useful for crafting appropriate policies, especially with widely varying state gun laws.

Objective: To estimate the volume of, and hospital costs for, fatal and non-fatal firearm injuries from 2005 to 2015 for each region of the United States and analyze the proportionate cost by payer status.

Talking about firearm injury prevention with patients: a survey of medical residents.

Background: Firearm injury and death are significant public health problems in the U.S. and physicians are uniquely situated to help prevent them.

Consensus-Driven Priorities for Firearm Injury Education Among Medical Professionals.

Purpose: Firearm injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. However, many medical professionals currently receive minimal or no education on firearm injury or its prevention. The authors sought to convene a diverse group of national experts in firearm injury epidemiology, injury prevention, and medical education to develop consensus on priorities to inform the creation of learning objectives and curricula for firearm injury education for medical professionals.

Outcomes after ultramassive transfusion in the modern era: An Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma multicenter study.

Background: Despite the widespread institution of modern massive transfusion protocols with balanced blood product ratios, survival for patients with traumatic hemorrhage receiving ultramassive transfusion (UMT) (defined as ≥20 U of packed red blood cells [RBCs]) in 24 hours) remains low and resource consumption remains high. Therefore, we aimed to identify factors associated with mortality in trauma patients receiving UMT in the modern resuscitation era.

Methods: An Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma multicenter retrospective study of 461 trauma patients from 17 trauma centers who received ≥20 U of RBCs in 24 hours was performed (2014-2019).

Incidence, Distribution, and Lethality of Firearm Injuries in California From 2005 to 2015.

Importance: Little is known about nonfatal firearm injuries in the United States, and national estimates based on emergency department samples may not be accurate.

Objective: To describe the incidence and distribution of nonfatal firearm injuries and estimate case fatality ratios (CFRs) for firearm injuries by external cause of injury code within California overall and by race/ethnicity, including an assessment of trends over time and geographic variation within the state.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This serial cross-sectional study used complete statewide data for firearm-related mortality, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations among California residents from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2015, to analyze incidence, distribution, and CFRs of firearm injury.

Preventing Firearm-Related Death and Injury.

Deaths and injuries from firearms are significant public health problems, and clinicians are in a unique position to identify risk among their patients and discuss the importance of safe firearm practices. Although clinicians may be ill-prepared to engage in such discussions, an adequate body of evidence is available for support, and patients are generally receptive to this type of discussion with their physician. Here, we provide an overview of existing research and recommended strategies for counseling and intervention to reduce firearm-related death and injury.

Readmission risk and costs of firearm injuries in the United States, 2010-2015.

Background: In 2015 there were 36,252 firearm-related deaths and 84,997 nonfatal injuries in the United States. The longitudinal burden of these injuries through readmissions is currently underestimated. We aimed to determine the 6-month readmission risk and hospital costs for patients injured by firearms.

Costs and Financial Burden of Initial Hospitalizations for Firearm Injuries in the United States, 2006-2014.

Objectives: To quantify the inflation-adjusted costs associated with initial hospitalizations for firearm-related injuries in the United States.

Methods: We used the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample to identify patients admitted for firearm-related injuries from 2006 to 2014. We converted charges from hospitalization to costs, which we inflation-adjusted to 2014 dollars.

Evolution of mosquito preference for humans linked to an odorant receptor.

Female mosquitoes are major vectors of human disease and the most dangerous are those that preferentially bite humans. A 'domestic' form of the mosquito Aedes aegypti has evolved to specialize in biting humans and is the main worldwide vector of dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya viruses. The domestic form coexists with an ancestral, 'forest' form that prefers to bite non-human animals and is found along the coast of Kenya.