Metabolic Disruption by Naturally Occurring Mycotoxins in Circulation: A Focus on Vascular and Bone Homeostasis Dysfunction.

Naturally occurring food/feed contaminants have become a significant global issue due to animal and human health implications. Despite risk assessments and legislation setpoints on the mycotoxins' levels, exposure to lower amounts occurs, and it might affect cell homeostasis. However, the inflammatory consequences of this possible everyday exposure to toxins on the vascular microenvironment and arterial dysfunction are unexplored in detail.

The benefits of grape seed extract in neurological disorders and brain aging.

Common neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, epilepsy, autism and psychiatric disorders, affect many people worldwide and threaten their lives and health by inducing movement disorders, behavioral disorders, or a combination of both. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play a central role in neuronal damage and neurological diseases induction and progression. In addition, protein homeostasis (proteostasis) impairment occurs in many neurodegenerative diseases, which plays a critical role in the progression of the pathology.

MicroRNA-22: a Novel and Potent Biological Therapeutics in Neurological Disorders.

MicroRNAs (miRs) are regulatory RNAs with 18-25 nucleotides lengths involved in various biological processes. Some miRs, including miR-22, play an essential role in regulating neurological disorders. MiR-22 is a brain-enriched regulatory element involved in angiogenesis, energy supply, adjustment of ionic channels, and suppression of malignant cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.

Roles of the miR-155 in Neuroinflammation and Neurological Disorders: A Potent Biological and Therapeutic Target.

Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the development and progression of neurological disorders. MicroRNA-155 (miR-155), a miR is known to play in inflammatory responses, is associated with susceptibility to inflammatory neurological disorders and neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as well as epilepsy, stroke, and brain malignancies. MiR-155 damages the central nervous system (CNS) by enhancing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, like IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IRF3.

Cell and molecular toxicity of lanthanum nanoparticles: are there possible risks to humans?

Lanthanum nanoparticles are widely used in industry, agriculture, and biomedicine. Over 900 kg of lanthanum is annually released into the environment only in Europe, 50 times higher than the metals, mercury, and cadmium's environmental spread. Human health risk associated with long-term exposure to the abundant lanthanum nanoparticles is a concerning environmental issue.

Neuroimmune disruptions from naturally occurring levels of mycotoxins.

Substantial pieces of evidence support the potential of exogenous toxins in disrupting neuroimmune homeostasis. It appears that mycotoxins are one of the noticeable sources of naturally occurring substances dysregulating the immune system, which involves the physiology of many organs, such as the central nervous system (CNS). The induction of inflammatory responses in microglial cells and astrocytes, the CNS resident cells with immunological characteristics, could interrupt the hemostasis upon even with low-level exposure to mycotoxins.

Copy number variation of IL17RA gene and its association with the ankylosing spondylitis risk in Iranian patients: a case-control study.

Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is considered as a subtype of spondyloarthritis (SpA) that mainly leads to fatigue, stiffness, spinal ankylosis, and impaired physical functions with reduced quality of life. Interleukin (IL)-17A provokes additional inflammatory mediators and recruits immune cells to the inflamed site. IL17 expression increased in various inflammatory disorders including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, crohn's disease, and ankylosing spondylitis.

Association study of copy number variation in BMP8A gene with the risk of ankylosing spondylitis in Iranian population.

Background: Copy number variation (CNV) of DNA segments has been considered as an important component of genetic variation, affecting the quality and quantity of gene expression. Bone morphogenic protein 8A (BMP8A) has been reported to function in bone formation. With respect to the bone and joint complications in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), this investigation aimed to study the role of BMP8A gene CNV in impressing the gene expression as well as the disease risk.