Clinical characteristics influence screening intervals for diabetic retinopathy.

Aims/hypothesis: Most guidelines recommend annual screening for diabetic retinopathy (DR) but limited resources and the slow progression of DR suggest that longer recall intervals should be considered if patients have no detectable lesions. This study aimed to identify the cumulative incidence and time of development of referable DR in patients with no DR at baseline, classified by clinical characteristics.

Methods: Analysis was performed of data collected prospectively over 20 years in a screening clinic based in a teaching hospital according to a consensus protocol.

Primary hepatic carcinoid: a case report and literature review.

Carcinoids are tumors derived from neuroendocrine cells and often produce functional peptide hormones. Approximately 54.5% arise in the gastrointestinal tract and frequently metastasize to the liver.

Common bile duct schwannoma: a case report and review of literature.

Schwannoma is a myelin sheath tumor complicated with neurofibroma, neurofibromatosis and neurogenic sarcoma. Peripheral nerve sheath tumors represent 2%-6% of gastrointestinal tract stromal tumors (GIST), but there are deficient data about location of neurogenic tumors in the biliary system and only nine cases of schwannoma of the extrahepatic biliary tract have been reported. These tumors are clinically non-specific.