Neurological manifestations of immune origin after COVID-19 vaccination: retrospective case study.

To know the frequency and characteristics of neurological manifestations of probable immune origin occurring after exposure to COVID-19 vaccination. In addition, to pre-study the usefulness of the Spanish pharmacovigilance system and lymphocyte transformation test in establishing causality. Retrospective case study, including patients admitted to the Neurology department from January 2021 to May 2022 with a probable neuroimmune disorder.

Dual role of peripheral B cells in multiple sclerosis: emerging remote players in demyelination and novel diagnostic biomarkers.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease caused by a pathogenic immune response against the myelin sheath surfaces of oligodendrocytes. The demyelination has been classically associated with pathogenic B cells residing in the central nervous system that release autoreactive antibodies against myelin. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate delivery of myelin autoreactive antibodies from peripheral B cells against oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis (MS) and to analyze whether these EVs could mediate demyelination .

Long-Term Anticoagulation in Secondary Ischemic Stroke Prevention: The Prospective Multicenter RESTAIC Registry.

Oral anticoagulation (OAC) for secondary stroke prevention is recommended in atrial fibrillation (AF) and other sources of cardioembolic stroke. Our objectives were to explore the differences in ischemic and hemorrhagic events when using OAC for secondary stroke prevention according to the type of anticoagulant treatment and to analyze the number and reasons for OAC switches during long-term follow-up. Ischemic stroke (IS) patients who were discharged on OAC for secondary stroke prevention from January 2014 to October 2017 were recruited in a prospective, multicenter, hospital-based registry.

A tool to identify patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source at high recurrence risk.

Objective: A tool to stratify the risk of stroke recurrence in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) could be useful in research and clinical practice. We aimed to determine whether a score can be developed and externally validated for the identification of patients with ESUS at high risk for stroke recurrence.

Methods: We pooled the data of all consecutive patients with ESUS from 11 prospective stroke registries.