An effective route to the additive manufacturing of a mechanically gradient supramolecular polymer nanocomposite structure.

3D Printing techniques are additive methods of fabricating parts directly from computer-aided designs. Whilst the clearest benefit is the realisation of geometrical freedom, multi-material printing allows the introduction of compositional variation and highly tailored product functionality. The paper reports a proof-of-concept additive manufacturing study to deposit a supramolecular polymer and a complementary organic filler to form composites with gradient composition to enable spatial distribution of mechanical properties and functionality by tuning the number of supramolecular interactions.

Industrial-era decline in Arctic methanesulfonic acid is offset by increased biogenic sulfate aerosol.

Marine phytoplankton are primary producers in ocean ecosystems and emit dimethyl sulfide (DMS) into the atmosphere. DMS emissions are the largest biological source of atmospheric sulfur and are one of the largest uncertainties in global climate modeling. DMS is oxidized to methanesulfonic acid (MSA), sulfur dioxide, and hydroperoxymethyl thioformate, all of which can be oxidized to sulfate.

Ventrolateral periaqueductal gray exogenous and endogenous histamine attenuates sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain through opioid receptors.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of intra-ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) microinjection of histamine and thioperamide (a histamine H receptor antagonist/inverse agonist) on neuropathic pain. To explore the possible mechanism, naloxone was microinjected alone or in combination with histamine and thioperamide. Neuropathic pain was induced by the left sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury.

Microinjection of histamine and its H receptor agonist and antagonist into the agranular insular cortex influence sensory and affective components of neuropathic pain in rats.

Many areas of the brain along with neurotransmitters involve in processing of nociceptive, emotional and cognitive dimensions of neuropathic pain. Brian neuronal histamine through H, H, H and H receptors mediates many physiological functions such as cognition, emotion and pain. In the present study we investigated the effects of intra-agranular insular cortex microinjection of histamine and its H receptor agonist and antagonist on sensory and affective aspects of neuropathic pain.

The role of histamine H, H and H receptors of ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus in modulation of trigeminal pain.

Histamine receptors are involved in supraspinal modulation of pain. In the present study, we investigated the effects of microinjection of histamine H, H and H receptor antagonists and agonists into the ventral posteromedial (VPM) nucleus of the thalamus on two models of trigeminal pain. Right and left sides of VPM were implanted with two guide cannulas.

Trace monitoring of silver ions in food and water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry after preconcentration with solvent-assisted dispersive solid phase extraction.

In this research, a new sample treatment technique termed solvent-assisted dispersive solid phase extraction (SADSPE) was developed. The new method was based on the dispersion of the sorbent into the sample to maximize the contact surface. In this approach, the dispersion of the sorbent at a very low milligram level was achieved by injecting a mixture solution of the sorbent and disperser solvent into the aqueous sample.