Are Child Access Prevention Laws Associated With Fewer Pediatric Firearm Injuries?

Objective: Firearm injuries are the leading cause of death for children in the United States. Child access prevention (CAP) laws have been passed in some states. This study examines characteristics of children with firearm injuries in states with different types of CAP laws.

Accessibility and Characterization of Parental Leave Policies for Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Training in the United States.

Introduction: This study assesses the accessibility and nature of parental leave policies during orthopaedic surgery residency training after implementation of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (GME) mandate for 6 weeks of paid parental leave effective July of 2022.

Materials And Methods: An audit of orthopaedic surgery residency and affiliated GME websites was conducted to assess the accessibility of parental leave policies during the 2023-2024 academic year. Details on length of leave and nature of renumeration during the leave were recorded.

The Prevalence of Hip Dysplasia on Radiographs for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Background: During radiographic assessment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), upright images frequently capture the hip. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of radiographic hip dysplasia on postero-anterior (PA) scoliosis radiographs, as defined as a lateral center edge angle (LCEA) ≤25 degrees.

Methods: All patients with upright PA scoliosis radiographs over a one-year study period at a single tertiary academic medical center (2020 to 2021) were included in the study.

Intraoperative Radiation Exposure in Adolescent Idiopathic and Neuromuscular Scoliosis.

Background: Intraoperative imaging is often used to aid pedicle screw placement during scoliosis operations. Higher rates of cancer and death have been observed in orthopaedic surgeons and radiation technologists, including a fourfold higher rate of breast cancer in female orthopaedic surgeons. The purpose of this study was to evaluate variability in intraoperative radiation during spinal fusions for both adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS).

Increased Prevalence of Breast and All-cause Cancer in Female Orthopaedic Surgeons.

Introduction: Cancer is the second leading cause of death among women in the United States. Previous studies demonstrate a higher prevalence of cancer among female orthopaedic surgeons. This study aimed to provide an updated prevalence of breast and all-cause cancer among female orthopaedic surgeons using a larger and more current study population.

Methods for Reducing Intraoperative Breast Radiation Exposure of Orthopaedic Surgeons.

Background: Standard lead aprons and vests do not adequately shield the most common breast cancer site, the upper outer quadrant (UOQ), from intraoperative radiation. The purpose of the present study was to determine if lead sleeves, wings, and/or axillary supplements decreased intraoperative radiation exposure of the UOQ of the breast.

Methods: An anthropomorphic torso phantom (simulating the female surgeon) was placed adjacent to a standard operating room table.

Evaluation and Management of Common Accessory Ossicles of the Foot and Ankle in Children and Adolescents.

Accessory ossicles are a common radiographic finding about the foot and ankle in children and adolescents. They are often noted incidentally during evaluation of foot and ankle injuries, and most can be managed nonsurgically. Although over 20 accessory ossicles have been described around the foot and ankle, five specific structures generate the most concern in pediatric patients.

What Proportion of Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Programs Have Accessible Parental Leave Policies, and How Generous are They?

Background: Parental leave during graduate medical education is a component of wellness in the workplace. Although every graduate medical education program is required by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) to have a leave policy, individual programs can create their own policies. The ACGME stipulates that "the sponsoring institution must provide a written policy on resident vacation and other leaves of absence (with or without pay) to include parental and sick leave to all applicants.

Titanium integration with bone, welding, and screw head destruction complicating hardware removal of the distal radius: report of 2 cases.

Increasingly, surgeons treat distal radius fractures with locking plate systems. Recent case reports have focused on technical insertion errors resulting in removal difficulties: poor drilling orientation or cross-threading, destruction of the screw head, and filling of the screw recess with tissue. We report 2 complications of titanium locked plate removal secondary to in vivo reactions including titanium integration with bone and mechanical binding between the titanium screw and plate.

Methodologies for establishing validity in surgical simulation studies.

Background: Validating assessment tools in surgical simulation training is critical to objectively measuring skills. Most reviews do not elicit methodologies for conducting rigorous validation studies. Our study reports current methodological approaches and proposes benchmark criteria for establishing validity in surgical simulation studies.