Diversity and evolution of an abundant ICE family of integrative and conjugative elements in .

Microbial populations swiftly adapt to changing environments through horizontal gene transfer. While the mechanisms of gene transfer are well known, the impact of environmental conditions on the selection of transferred gene functions remains less clear. We investigated ICEs, specifically the ICE-type, in clinical isolates.

From Copper Tolerance to Resistance in towards Patho-Adaptation and Hospital Success.

The hospital environment constitutes a reservoir of opportunistic pathogens responsible for healthcare-associated infections (HCAI) such as (). persistence within technological niches, the increasing emergence of epidemic high-risk clones in HCAI, the epidemiological link between plumbing strains and clinical strains, make it a major nosocomial pathogen. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of adaptation to hospital water systems would be useful in preventing HCAI.

How to address SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission to ensure effective protection of healthcare workers? A review of the literature.

SARS-CoV-2 mainly infects the respiratory tract, and presents significantly higher active replication in the upper airways. To remain viable and infectious, the SARS-CoV-2 virion must be complete and integral, which is not easily demonstrated in the environment by positive reverse transcriptase PCR results. Real-life conditions in healthcare settings may be conducive to SARS-CoV-2 RNA dissemination in the environment but without evidence of its viability and infectiveness in air.

Improved detection of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in hospital water samples.

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunistic pathogens commonly colonizing hospital water systems, and may be responsible for healthcare-associated infections (HAI). Investigation of HAI and outbreaks caused by NTM necessitates water analyses. However, NTM are slow-growing bacteria within the mesophilic community present in water, and are difficult to detect.

What face mask for what use in the context of COVID-19 pandemic? The French guidelines.

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing a face mask has become usual and ubiquitous, in both hospitals and community. However, the general public is consuming surgical or filtering face piece (FFP) masks irrespective of their specificity, leading to global supply shortage for the most exposed persons, which are healthcare workers. This underlines the urgent need to clarify the indications of the different categories of mask, in order to rationalize their use.

An outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infections following outpatient flexible cystoscopy.

The investigation of an outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infections after ambulatory cystoscopies identified a damaged cystoscope contaminated by P aeruginosa and acting as a relay object. This outbreak urges us not to trivialize urinary tract infections occurring after an elective cystoscopy. Patients should be advised to signal the occurrence of urologic symptoms after urologic exploration.

Extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreak reveals incubators as pathogen reservoir in neonatal care center.

In the context of a 3-month extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumonia (ESBL-KP) outbreak in a neonatal care center (NCC), hygiene practices and hospital environment were investigated. ESBL-KP strains isolated from patients and environment were compared by molecular typing. The density of incidence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) was calculated from January 2014 to September 2016.

First molecular characterization of related cases of healthcare-associated infections involving multidrug-resistant in Algeria.

Purpose: Vancomycin-resistant (VRE) (VREfm) are highly resistant bacteria emerging worldwide and rarely studied using molecular tools in Algeria since their first report in 2006. The aim of the study was to investigate healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) involving the first VRE in Batna University Hospital, Algeria, and characterize isolates using molecular tools.

Patients And Methods: Medical charts were reviewed for patients with VREfm.

Tracking carbapenemase-producing bacteria by molecular typing: Population diversity and sampling pitfall.

While typing methods are increasingly refined, the sampling of bacteria to be typed in healthcare-associated infection context retains less attention. Through 2 emblematic cases of in-hospital transmission of extensively drug-resistant bacteria producing carbapenemases, we demonstrate the impact of colony sampling in typing results. Because of intra-population diversity, typing several colonies of same species and resistotype was needed to fully track the transmission among patients.

Supraclavicular catheterization of the brachiocephalic vein: a way to prevent or reduce catheter maintenance-related complications in children.

Unlabelled: Placement of a central venous catheter (CVC) in the brachiocephalic vein (BCV) via the ultrasound (US)-guided supraclavicular approach was recently described in children. We aimed to determine the CVC maintenance-related complications at this site compared to the others (i.e.

Diversity of the Bacterial Microbiota of Mosquitoes from Binh Phuoc Province, Vietnam.

The naturally acquired microbiota of can influence vector's susceptibility to and its capacity to transmit them. Microbiota modification is a new challenge to limit disease transmission but it still needs advanced knowledges on bacterial community in , especially in wild and infected specimens from diverse origin and species. Bacterial culture and 16S rRNA gene-PCR associated to Temporal Temperature Gradient Electrophoresis (TTGE) were applied to explore the bacterial diversity in the abdomen of 100 wild specimens (eight species) collected in the Binh Phuoc Province, Vietnam.

Dynamics of the surgical microbiota along the cardiothoracic surgery pathway.

Human skin associated microbiota are increasingly described by culture-independent methods that showed an unexpected diversity with variation correlated with several pathologies. A role of microbiota disequilibrium in infection occurrence is hypothesized, particularly in surgical site infections. We study the diversities of operative site microbiota and its dynamics during surgical pathway of patients undergoing coronary-artery by-pass graft (CABG).

Staphylococcus aureus in a neonatal care center: methicillin-susceptible strains should be a main concern.

Background: In the context of a methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) outbreak, we aimed to improve our knowledge of S. aureus (SA) epidemiology in the neonatal care center (NCC) of a tertiary care teaching hospital.

Methods: We performed a complete one-year review of SA carrier, colonized or infected patients.

Niches, population structure and genome reduction in Ochrobactrum intermedium: clues to technology-driven emergence of pathogens.

Ochrobactrum intermedium is considered as an emerging human environmental opportunistic pathogen with mild virulence. The distribution of isolates and sequences described in literature and databases showed frequent association with human beings and polluted environments. As population structures are related to bacterial lifestyles, we investigated by multi-locus approach the genetic structure of a population of 65 isolates representative of the known natural distribution of O.