Design and Development of Antibody Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications.

Antibody-functionalized gold nanoparticle constitutes a powerful interface biosystem for biomedical applications where the properties of gold nanoparticles and the specificity of antibody-antigen interactions are combined. This study provides insight into the key factors for the development of antibody functionalized gold nanoparticles focusing on the immobilization of the antibody. Here, we address an oriented antibody immobilization procedure on gold nanoparticles.

Design of stable magnetic hybrid nanoparticles of Si-entrapped HRP.

Hybrid and composite nanoparticles represent an attractive material for enzyme integration due to possible synergic advantages of the structural builders in the properties of the nanobiocatalyst. In this study, we report the synthesis of a new stable hybrid nanobiocatalyst formed by biomimetic silica (Si) nanoparticles entrapping both Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) (EC 1.11.

Modeling lung cancer evolution and preclinical response by orthotopic mouse allografts.

Cancer evolution is a process that is still poorly understood because of the lack of versatile in vivo longitudinal studies. By generating murine non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) orthoallobanks and paired primary cell lines, we provide a detailed description of an in vivo, time-dependent cancer malignization process. We identify the acquisition of metastatic dissemination potential, the selection of co-driver mutations, and the appearance of naturally occurring intratumor heterogeneity, thus recapitulating the stochastic nature of human cancer development.

A DERL3-associated defect in the degradation of SLC2A1 mediates the Warburg effect.

Cancer cells possess aberrant proteomes that can arise by the disruption of genes involved in physiological protein degradation. Here we demonstrate the presence of promoter CpG island hypermethylation-linked inactivation of DERL3 (Derlin-3), a key gene in the endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation pathway, in human tumours. The restoration of in vitro and in vivo DERL3 activity highlights the tumour suppressor features of the gene.

Tips for the functionalization of nanoparticles with antibodies.

Multiple antibody immobilization methodologies have been developed for several applications including affinity chromatography, immunosensing, and drug delivery. Most of them have been carried out without considering the orientation of the antigen binding site of the antibody, or after the chemical modification of the antibody. An efficient immobilization to improve the biological activity of the antibody is one of the key fundamental issues to pursue.

Improving immunosensor performance through oriented immobilization of antibodies on carbon nanotube composite surfaces.

We report the straightforward oriented covalent attachment of antibodies (Abs) on the surface of carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube-polystyrene (MWCNT-PS) materials. The combination of this composite material, applied as a robust electrochemical transducer platform, and its covalent functionalization with Abs in a controlled way by means of a two-step process, could contribute to the development of highly sensitive immunosensor devices. Using the simple and versatile carbodiimide chemistry, Abs were attached to the carboxylic groups of the MWCNT-PS composite surfaces via their superficial amine groups.

Tackling reproducibility in microcantilever biosensors: a statistical approach for sensitive and specific end-point detection of immunoreactions.

In the last decade, microcantilever biosensors have shown enormous potential for highly sensitive label-free detection of nucleic acid and proteins. Despite the enormous advances, the promise of applications of this technology in the biomedical field has been frustrated because of its low reproducibility. Here we tackle the reproducibility issue in microcantilever biosensors and provide the guidelines to minimize the deviations in the biosensor response between different assays.

Lurbinectedin (PM01183), a new DNA minor groove binder, inhibits growth of orthotopic primary graft of cisplatin-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer.

Purpose: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the fifth leading cause of death in women diagnosed with gynecologic malignancies. The low survival rate is because of its advanced-stage diagnosis and either intrinsic or acquired resistance to standard platinum-based chemotherapy. So, the development of effective innovative therapeutic strategies to overcome cisplatin resistance remains a high priority.

Epigenetic disruption of cadherin-11 in human cancer metastasis.

Little is known about the molecular events occurring in the metastases of human tumours. Epigenetic alterations are dynamic lesions that change over the natural course of the disease, and so they might play a role in the biology of cancer cells that have departed from the primary tumour. Herein, we have adopted an epigenomic approach to identify some of these changes.

Specific peptides as alternative to antibody ligands for biomagnetic separation of Clostridium tyrobutyricum spores.

Nowadays, the reference method for the detection of Clostridium tyrobutyricum in milk is the most-probable-number method, a very time-consuming and non-specific method. In this work, the suitability of the use of superparamagnetic beads coated with specific antibodies and peptides for bioseparation and concentration of spores of C. tyrobutyricum has been assessed.

Taking advantage of unspecific interactions to produce highly active magnetic nanoparticle-antibody conjugates.

Several strategies for linking antibodies (Abs) through their Fc region in an oriented manner have been proposed at the present time. By using these strategies, the Fab region of the Ab is available for antigen molecular recognition, leading to a more efficient interaction. Most of these strategies are complex processes optimized mainly for the functionalization of surfaces or microbeads.

Small molecule enoxacin is a cancer-specific growth inhibitor that acts by enhancing TAR RNA-binding protein 2-mediated microRNA processing.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level and are critical for many cellular pathways. The disruption of miRNAs and their processing machineries also contributes to the development of human tumors. A common scenario for miRNA expression in carcinogenesis is emerging that shows that impaired miRNA production and/or down-regulation of these transcripts occurs in many neoplasms.

Slc7a9 knockout mouse is a good cystinuria model for antilithiasic pharmacological studies.

Cystinuria is a hereditary disorder caused by a defect in the apical membrane transport system for cystine and dibasic amino acids in renal proximal tubules and intestine, resulting in recurrent urolithiasis. Mutations in SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 genes, that codify for rBAT/b(0,+)AT transporter subunits, cause type A and B cystinuria, respectively. In humans, cystinuria treatment is based on the prevention of calculi formation and its dissolution or breakage.