Early biological markers of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

To understand the roles of acute-phase viral dynamics and host immune responses in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), we enrolled 136 participants within 5 days of their first positive SARS-CoV-2 real-time PCR test. Participants self-collected up to 21 nasal specimens within the first 28 days post-symptom onset; interviewer-administered questionnaires and blood samples were collected at enrollment, days 9, 14, 21, 28, and month 4 and 8 post-symptom onset. Defining PASC as the presence of any COVID-associated symptom at their 4-month visit, we compared viral markers (quantity and duration of nasal viral RNA load, infectious viral load, and plasma N-antigen level) and host immune markers (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-γ, MCP, IP-10, and Spike IgG) over the acute period.

Where Does Hope Lie? The Dialectical Tensions Between Hopes and Expectations of Vocational Transition Planning from the Perspectives of Autistic Young Adults, Parents, and Practitioners.

The post-secondary transition for autistic youth is a complex process, with hopes and expectations serving as malleable mediators often overlooked in research and practice. Career awareness, exploration, and counseling services play a critical role in facilitating vocational transition, but the vocational hopes and expectations of autistic youth and their parents are often disregarded. This study aims to explore these aspirations and their impact on the vocational transition process, seeking to harmonize elements to better align with the needs of autistic youth and their families.

Homeostatic cytokines reciprocally modulate the emergence of prenatal effector PLZF+CD4+ T cells in humans.

The development of human prenatal adaptive immunity progresses faster than previously appreciated, with the emergence of memory CD4+ T cells alongside regulatory T cells by midgestation. We previously identified a prenatal specific population of promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger-positive (PLZF+) CD4+ T cells with heightened effector potential that were enriched in the developing intestine and accumulated in the cord blood of infants exposed to prenatal inflammation. However, the signals that drive their tissue distribution and effector maturation are unknown.

Providing quality employment services to people living with asthma in the vocational rehabilitation program: A model for meeting the needs of an emerging clientele.

Background: With incidence and prevalence rates of asthma diagnoses steadily increasing in the United States and worldwide over the past 30 years, people with asthma are an emerging vocational rehabilitation (VR) consumer population.

Objective: This article describes the job acquisition and return to work considerations facing employees with asthma.

Methods: Following an overview of the etiology, incidence, prevalence, and career development implications of this chronic respiratory disease, the authors present career preparatory and return to work recommendations to meet the needs of Americans with asthma across the phases of the VR process.

BiSe nanoplates for contrast-enhanced photoacoustic imaging at 1064 nm.

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a high-resolution biomedical imaging modality, which can be used to visualize biological tissues located beyond the limited penetration depth of existing optical imaging techniques. An optical wavelength of 1064 nm is of great interest in PA imaging due to low intrinsic absorption at this wavelength. Reduced absorption implies an increased depth of imaging, which enables several new clinical applications such as bladder imaging, gastrointestinal (GI) imaging, and sentinel lymph node (SLN) imaging.

The impact of diet-induced hepatic steatosis in a murine model of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.

The prevalence of obesity-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has significantly increased over the past decade, and end-stage liver disease secondary to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis has become 1 of the most common indications for liver transplantation. This both increases the demand for organs and decreases the availability of donor livers deemed suitable for transplantation. Although in the past many steatotic livers were discarded due to concerns over enhanced susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and organ failure, the discrepancy between supply and demand has resulted in increasing use of expanded criteria donor organs including steatotic livers.

Adult Spinal Deformity Knowledge in Orthopedic Spine Surgeons: Impact of Fellowship Training, Experience, and Practice Characteristics.

Study Design: Survey study.

Objective: The purpose of this paper was to assess the level of adult spine deformity (ASD) knowledge among orthopedic spine surgeons and identify areas for improvement in spine surgery training.

Summary Of Background Data: ASD is increasingly encountered in spine surgery practice.

Targeted exome sequencing of Korean triple-negative breast cancer reveals homozygous deletions associated with poor prognosis of adjuvant chemotherapy-treated patients.

Triple-negative breast cancer is characterized by the absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and is associated with a poorer outcome than other subtypes of breast cancer. Moreover, there are no accurate prognostic genes or effective therapeutic targets, thereby necessitating continued intensive investigation. This study analyzed the genetic mutation landscape in 70 patients with triple-negative breast cancer by targeted exome sequencing of tumor and matched normal samples.

Factors predicting publication of spinal cord injury trials registered on www.ClinicalTrials. gov.

Objective/background: Treatment options for spinal cord injuries are currently limited, but multiple clinical trials are underway for a variety of interventions, drugs, and devices. The Food and Drug Administration website www.ClinicalTrials.

Real-time Triple-modal Photoacoustic, Ultrasound, and Magnetic Resonance Fusion Imaging of Humans.

Imaging that fuses multiple modes has become a useful tool for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. As a next step, real-time fusion imaging has attracted interest as for a tool to guide surgery. One widespread fusion imaging technique in surgery combines real-time ultrasound (US) imaging and pre-acquired magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.

Programmable Real-time Clinical Photoacoustic and Ultrasound Imaging System.

Photoacoustic imaging has attracted interest for its capacity to capture functional spectral information with high spatial and temporal resolution in biological tissues. Several photoacoustic imaging systems have been commercialized recently, but they are variously limited by non-clinically relevant designs, immobility, single anatomical utility (e.g.

Restaurant Menu Labeling Policy: Review of Evidence and Controversies.

In response to high rates of obesity in the USA, several American cities, counties, and states have passed laws requiring restaurant chains to post labels identifying the energy content of items on menus, and nationwide implementation of menu labeling is expected in late 2016. In this review, we identify and summarize the results of 16 studies that have assessed the impact of real-world numeric calorie posting. We also discuss several controversies surrounding the US Food and Drug Administration's implementation of federally mandated menu labeling.

Reliability and accuracy of intradermal injection by Mantoux technique, hypodermic needle adapter, and hollow microneedle in pigs.

We compared the ability of three intradermal delivery devices to administer an intended dose to pig skin in vivo and target that dose to the dermal rather than subcutaneous layers. The three devices were a standard hypodermic needle and syringe for the Mantoux technique, an adapter designed to facilitate proper hypodermic needle and syringe use, and a hollow microneedle. Reliability was determined as the percentage of the administered dose that entered the skin, as opposed to remaining in the device or on the skin surface.

Readability of self-report alcohol misuse measures.

Objective: Self-report measures of alcohol misuse and alcohol use disorders are valuable assessment tools for both research and clinical practice settings. However, readability is often overlooked when establishing the validity of these measures, which may result in measures written at a reading-grade level that is higher than the ability level of many potential respondents. The aim of the current study was to estimate the reading-grade level of validated measures of alcohol misuse and associated problems.

Cue-induced craving in dependence upon prescription opioids and heroin.

Background And Objectives: Cues associated with heroin use (eg, needles, powder) elicit robust craving responses in individuals dependent upon heroin. Elevated cue-induced craving may be a risk factor for relapse and can persist after periods of drug abstinence. Despite the growing prevalence of opioid dependence involving prescription opioids, published studies have yet to examine whether cue-induced craving is also present in prescription opioid dependence.

ES cell-derived renewable and functional midbrain dopaminergic progenitors.

During early development, midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neuronal progenitors (NPs) arise from the ventral mesencephalic area by the combined actions of secreted factors and their downstream transcription factors. These mDA NPs proliferate, migrate to their final destinations, and develop into mature mDA neurons in the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area. Here, we show that such authentic mDA NPs can be efficiently isolated from differentiated ES cells (ESCs) using a FACS method combining two markers, Otx2 and Corin.

Clinicopathologic features and treatment outcomes in malignant lymphoma of pediatric and young adult patients in Korea: comparison of korean all-ages group and Western younger age group.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to define distinctive clinicopathologic features of malignant lymphoma in pediatric and young adult patients, particularly in Korea.

Patients And Methods: From May 1993 to November 2005, 294 pediatric and young adult patients (age range, 0-31 years) with malignant lymphoma were analyzed in this study at Samsung Medical Center. We also compared this group with the Korean all-ages group and Western younger age group using previously reported data.