Publications by authors named "Sara N Kiani"
Article Synopsis
- The study examined the effects of the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CJR) program on patient demographics and outcomes for total hip and knee replacements in New York State.
- Researchers analyzed data before and after CJR implementation, focusing on changes in patient age and health conditions, as well as hospitalization costs and discharge outcomes.
- Results showed that hospitals did not select healthier patients post-CJR; instead, they treated slightly older and more comorbid patients while also observing reduced hospitalization costs and fewer patients being discharged to institutional care.
Article Synopsis
- Despite the benefits of ambulatory surgery, surgeons in low- and middle-income countries like Uganda have been slow to adopt it; Kyabirwa Surgical Center (KSC) is the first freestanding outpatient surgical facility in rural Uganda aimed at improving surgical access.
- Over 7,391 patients were treated at KSC between July 2019 and December 2021, with a focus on general surgery and no recorded complications or deaths following procedures.
- The center successfully increased local surgical capacity and averted over 2,193 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), demonstrating the effectiveness of ambulatory surgical care in addressing health care needs in the region.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates how skeletal maturity affects the morphology and alignment of the patellofemoral joint in patients with patellar osteochondritis dissecans, highlighting that younger patients may heal better than those who are skeletally mature.
- - MRI data from 68 children showed that most lesions were located on the central patella, with significant findings indicating abnormal angles and indices across the sample, particularly in skeletally mature knees.
- - Skeletally mature patients displayed more severe morphological abnormalities (higher Dejour types) and less favorable alignment measurements compared to their immature counterparts, suggesting that age impacts the complexity of knee conditions.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines tibial shaft fractures in adolescents (ages 12-16), identifying factors that predict malalignment and evaluating the impact of treatment type on malalignment risk.
- Among 162 patients analyzed, malalignment rates were similar (34% nonoperative vs. 32% operative), with factors like older age and 100% initial displacement correlated with lower malalignment odds, while increased sagittal angulation and fibula fractures were linked to higher odds.
- The findings suggest that treatment type does not significantly affect malalignment rates, but those receiving planned nonoperative treatment required longer immobilization.*
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the presentation and treatment outcomes of patients with osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions in the patella and trochlea, addressing previously limited research with small sample sizes.
- Conducted at a single institution from 2008 to 2021, it included 68 patients and evaluated their return to sports, pain resolution, imaging results, and overall treatment success after a minimum follow-up of 12 months.
- Results showed that while 62% of patients returned to sports and 54% experienced pain resolution, many still had lingering symptoms, indicating a need for improved treatment strategies for these conditions.
Article Synopsis
- Epidermolysis bullosa is a genetic skin disorder that leads to blister formation due to mechanical trauma, with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) being a severe form caused by COL7A1 gene mutations.
- DEB presents symptoms like blisters from birth, extensive scarring, and deformities such as "mitten hand" from skin fusion.
- Current treatments are mainly supportive, but new therapies, including gene therapy (like B-VEC) and advanced skin grafts, show promise for improving patient outcomes, especially in treating pseudosyndactyly.
Background: Research has indicated that lower socioeconomic status is associated with delays in the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries; however, there is a paucity of literature evaluating its association with patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Using the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), a validated proxy for socioeconomic status, the study aimed to determine how relative socioeconomic disadvantage is related to PROs after primary ACL reconstruction (ACLR) in pediatric patients.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included all patients 18 years old or above who underwent primary ACLR at an academic institution between 2018 and 2021.
Article Synopsis
- - The study performed a bibliometric analysis of clubfoot research articles, analyzing data from two Web of Science searches to quantify the literature and identify trends regarding institutions, journals, researchers, and countries involved in the topic.
- - A total of 2,177 articles on clubfoot and 762 articles on the Ponseti method were reviewed, showing an increasing growth rate over decades, particularly a significant spike in Ponseti studies since its adoption in the U.S.
- - The findings indicate a growing body of literature on the Ponseti method, highlighting the importance of international collaboration in research to enhance treatment outcomes and service delivery for clubfoot globally.
Article Synopsis
- This study investigated sleep disturbances in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA) and tracked changes over three months post-surgery, focusing on how preoperative sleep condition influences recovery.
- Results showed that the percentage of patients reporting normal sleep increased from 54.8% preoperatively to 71.8% by three months, with specific patterns in sleep quality changes depending on initial sleep issues.
- Key findings indicated that patients who had moderate to severe preoperative sleep impairment experienced significant improvement in sleep by two weeks post-surgery, and those having total hip arthroplasty were more likely to see notable sleep enhancements.
Article Synopsis
- Orthopaedic surgery has one of the lowest proportions of female representation, but efforts are underway to increase gender diversity in this field.
- A study analyzed female authorship trends in several high-impact orthopaedic journals from 2011 to 2020, focusing specifically on the roles of first and last authors.
- Although there has been an increase in female first authors, overall female authorship has remained stagnant, highlighting the need for further research into factors influencing these trends and ways to enhance female representation across the field.
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to describe the national epidemiology of basketball-related injuries in children and adolescents presenting to US emergency departments (EDs) from 2011 to 2020 and to quantify the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database was queried for cases of injury in persons aged 0 to 19 years related to product code 1205 (basketball and related equipment) presenting from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2020. National injury estimates were calculated using National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-recommended weights and strata.
Background: Although there are several predominantly single-center case series in the literature, relatively little prospectively collected data exist regarding the outcomes of open hip reduction (OR) for infantile developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The purpose of this prospective, multi-center study was to determine the outcomes after OR in a diverse patient population.
Methods: The prospectively collected database of an international multicenter study group was queried for all patients treated with OR for DDH.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the prevalence and risk factors of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty, particularly focusing on the impact of age, with a cutoff at 70 years.
- * A large dataset was analyzed, revealing that overall delirium incidence is 3.1%, with higher rates in patients aged 70 and older, reaching up to 8% for those over 88.
- * The findings suggest that using long-acting benzodiazepines increases the risk of delirium, while corticosteroids may lower it, highlighting potential modifiable factors for patients undergoing the surgery.
Introduction: Telemedicine was rapidly deployed at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Little has been published on telemedicine in musculoskeletal care prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is aimed at characterizing trends in telemedicine for musculoskeletal care preceding the COVID-19 pandemic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Although bracing for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis can prevent curve progression and reduce the risk for future surgery, children frequently do not wear their braces as prescribed. The purpose of this study is to investigate how a broad array of psychosocial characteristics predict future compliance with scoliosis brace wear.
Methods: This was a single institution, prospective cohort study.
Context: The number of pediatric anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions (ACLRs) occurring yearly increased almost 6-fold from 2004-2014. We find it interesting that limited recent data exist on rates of ACL injury and reconstruction in children and adolescents, especially in the context of COVID-19.
Objective: Given the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth sports seasons and the postponement of many elective surgeries, we sought to examine the changes in rates of ACLR during this period.
Article Synopsis
- - The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global surgery, introducing new challenges for healthcare systems and professionals.
- - The article explores how the pandemic has shifted practices in surgery during and after the COVID-19 crisis, affecting both patient care and provider experiences.
- - It highlights potential opportunities for innovation in surgical practices as well as ongoing challenges that need to be addressed moving forward.
Article Synopsis
- Bundled payment models for total joint arthroplasty (TJA) may lead to hospitals selecting healthier patients, resulting in fewer facilities treating patients with comorbidities.
- A study analyzed data from New York State, finding that many hospitals showed an increase in patients without comorbidities from 2011 to 2016, alongside variations in hospitalization costs and discharge outcomes related to patient health.
- The research indicates that hospitals with stable comorbidity rates had higher hospitalization costs associated with increased patient comorbidities, while those treating more comorbid patients managed resources more efficiently.
Article Synopsis
- Transgender women in Peru face significant health challenges, particularly high rates of HIV, STIs, and substance use issues, prompting a focused study on HIV-positive individuals in this group.
- The study, conducted between June 2015 and August 2016, found that out of 50 participants, 85% achieved viral suppression, yet many engaged in risky sexual behaviors and had a high prevalence of alcohol and drug use.
- The results suggest that addressing substance use disorders in HIV treatment could improve viral suppression rates among transgender women in Lima, emphasizing the necessity for integrated healthcare approaches.
Article Synopsis
- In Peru, a study involving 591 HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) found that a high percentage, 82.4%, achieved viral suppression (VS), while 73.6% reached maximal viral suppression (MVS) during the period from June 2015 to August 2016.
- The study indicated that barriers such as transportation difficulties significantly hindered the likelihood of achieving VS and MVS, especially for those with alcohol use disorders.
- Moreover, older participants were more likely to reach MVS, highlighting the need for more accessible HIV care and integrated behavioral health services in Lima to improve outcomes.
Article Synopsis
- Breastfeeding provides significant health benefits for both infants and mothers, but women who undergo C-sections may be less likely to start and continue breastfeeding compared to those with vaginal deliveries.
- A study conducted in León, Nicaragua, surveyed 250 mothers to explore the relationship between delivery methods and breastfeeding practices, revealing that the mode of delivery did not significantly affect early initiation or exclusive breastfeeding rates.
- Key findings indicated that early breastfeeding initiation was hindered by prelacteal feeding, while mothers who perceived their babies as large at birth were less likely to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months, highlighting important risk factors in breastfeeding behaviors.