A Young Adult Patient with Rheumatoid Disorder Presents for the Evaluation of Limited Mouth Opening.

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA), formerly known as Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, includes all forms of chronic arthritis with unknown etiology that occurs before the age of sixteen. Clinical practice guidelines for JIA management have been evolving for the past 10 years. JIA affects approximately 1 per 1000 children in the U.

A Patient with Hypothyroidism in Need of Periodontal Connective Tissue Graft Surgery.

Hypothyroidism is a condition characterized by thyroid hormone deficiency and can be caused by a variety of factors. Untreated or chronic hypothyroidism can present in adult patients as myxedema, which is characterized by symptoms including fatigue, generalized slower metabolism, weight gain, depressed mood, dry skin, and brittle hair. Hypothyroidism can have various oral manifestations, particularly in children, in whom it can delay the eruption of the dentition.