Contribution of TLR4 and MyD88 for adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) activity in a DNA prime-protein boost HIV-1 vaccine.

Recombinant protein vaccines are commonly formulated with an immune-stimulatory compound, or adjuvant, to boost immune responses to a particular antigen. Recent studies have shown that, through recognition of molecular motifs, receptors of the innate immune system are involved in the functions of adjuvants to generate and direct adaptive immune responses. However, it is not clear to which degree those receptors are also important when the adjuvant is used as part of a novel heterologous prime-boost immunization process in which the priming and boosting components are not the same type of vaccines.

Long-acting atypical antipsychotics: characterization of the local tissue response.

Purpose: Long-acting injectables (LAIs) are increasingly recognized as an effective therapeutic approach for treating chronic conditions. Many LAIs are formulated to create a poorly soluble depot from which the active agent is delivered over time. This long residing depot can cause localized chronic-active inflammation in the tissue, which has not been well defined in the literature.

D27-pLpxL, an avirulent strain of Yersinia pestis, primes T cells that protect against pneumonic plague.

Vaccinating with live, conditionally attenuated, pigmentation (Pgm)-deficient Yersinia pestis primes T cells that protect mice against pneumonic plague. However, Pgm-deficient strains are not considered safe for human use because they retain substantial virulence in animal models. Y.