Experimental ex vivo characterization of the biomechanical effects of laminectomy and posterior fixation of the lumbo-sacral spine.

Laminectomy and posterior fixation are well-established surgical techniques to decompress nervous structures in case of lumbar spinal stenosis. While laminectomy is suspected to increase the instability of the spine, posterior fixation is associated with some complications such as adjacent segment degeneration. This study aimed to investigate how laminectomy and posterior fixation alter the biomechanics of the lumbar spine in terms of range of motion (ROM) and strains on the intervertebral discs.

Effect of two-level decompressive procedures on the biomechanics of the lumbo-sacral spine: an study.

Hemilaminectomy and laminectomy are decompressive procedures commonly used in case of lumbar spinal stenosis, which involve the removal of the posterior elements of the spine. These procedures may compromise the stability of the spine segment and create critical strains in the intervertebral discs. Thus, this study aimed to investigate if decompressive procedures could alter the biomechanics of the lumbar spine.

Blueberry and cranberry pangenomes as a resource for future genetic studies and breeding efforts.

Domestication of cranberry and blueberry began in the United States in the early 1800s and 1900s, respectively, and in part owing to their flavors and health-promoting benefits are now cultivated and consumed worldwide. The industry continues to face a wide variety of production challenges (e.g.

Blueberry and cranberry pangenomes as a resource for future genetic studies and breeding efforts.

Domestication of cranberry and blueberry began in the United States in the early 1800s and 1900s, respectively, and in part owing to their flavors and health-promoting benefits are now cultivated and consumed worldwide. The industry continues to face a wide variety of production challenges (e.g.

A multiplexed plant-animal SNP array for selective breeding and species conservation applications.

Reliable and high-throughput genotyping platforms are of immense importance for identifying and dissecting genomic regions controlling important phenotypes, supporting selection processes in breeding programs, and managing wild populations and germplasm collections. Amongst available genotyping tools, single nucleotide polymorphism arrays have been shown to be comparatively easy to use and generate highly accurate genotypic data. Single-species arrays are the most commonly used type so far; however, some multi-species arrays have been developed for closely related species that share single nucleotide polymorphism markers, exploiting inter-species cross-amplification.

Correlation Between Sagittal Balance and Mechanical Distal Junctional Failure in Degenerative Pathology of the Spine: A Retrospective Analysis.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the failure of the caudal end of lumbar posterior fixation in terms of pre-operative and post-operative spinopelvic parameters, correction performed, demographic and clinical data.

Methods: The lumbar, thoraco-lumbar and lumbo-sacral posterior fixations performed with pedicle screws and rods in 2017-2019 were retrospectively analyzed.

Vaccinium as a comparative system for understanding of complex flavonoid accumulation profiles and regulation in fruit.

The genus Vaccinium L. (Ericaceae) contains premium berryfruit crops, including blueberry, cranberry, bilberry, and lingonberry. Consumption of Vaccinium berries is strongly associated with various potential health benefits, many of which are attributed to the relatively high concentrations of flavonoids, including the anthocyanins that provide the attractive red and blue berry colors.

Assessment of foraminal decompression following discoplasty using a combination of ex vivo testing and numerical tools.

Percutaneous Cement Discoplasty (PCD) is a minimally invasive surgical technique to treat degenerated intervertebral discs. When the disc is severely degenerated, the vacuum observed in place of the nucleus pulposus can be filled with bone cement to restore the disc height, open the foramen space, and relieve pain. This study aimed to evaluate the foramen geometry change due to PCD, in the loaded spine.

The origins of the camper's chiasm asymmetry: a cadaveric study and clinical implications for flexor tendons surgery.

The Camper's chiasm (CC) originates from the decussation of tendon fibers of the flexor digitorum superficialis at the level of the proximal phalanx. Previous studies described several conformations of the CC, but none has studied the asymmetry pattern for each finger. We lack studies about the relationship between the vincula tendinum and the morphology of the CC.

Biomechanical consequences of cement discoplasty: An study on thoraco-lumbar human spines.

With the ageing of the population, there is an increasing need for minimally invasive spine surgeries to relieve pain and improve quality of life. Percutaneous Cement Discoplasty is a minimally invasive technique to treat advanced disc degeneration, including vacuum phenomenon. The present study aimed to develop an model of percutaneous cement discoplasty to investigate its consequences on the spine biomechanics in comparison with the degenerated condition.

High-density linkage map construction in an autotetraploid blueberry population and detection of quantitative trait loci for anthocyanin content.

Highbush blueberry (, 2n = 4x = 48) is the most cultivated type of blueberry, both in New Zealand and overseas. Its perceived nutritional value is conferred by phytonutrients, particularly anthocyanins. Identifying the genetic mechanisms that control the biosynthesis of these metabolites would enable faster development of cultivars with improved fruit qualities.

Evaluating new species for aquaculture: A genomic dissection of growth in the New Zealand silver trevally ().

Aquaculture is the fastest-growing food production sector worldwide, yet industry has been slow to implement genomic techniques as routine tools. Applying genomics to new breeding programmes can provide important information about pedigree structure and genetic diversity; key parameters for a successful long-term breeding programme. It can also provide insights on potential gains for commercially important, yet complex, quantitative traits such as growth rate.

Preservation of terminal branches of the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve in open carpal tunnel release.

Purpose: Post-operative pain in the palm and scar area is the most common complication after carpal tunnel release and injury to the terminal branches of the palmar cutaneous nerve is generally considered one of the causes for this complication. The Authors performed an intraoperative study preserving the terminal branches of the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve and verifying the frequency, location and direction of the branches that cross an interthenar incision.

Method And Material: Eighty-five consecutive patients (57 F - 28 M, mean age 66 y) underwent carpal tunnel release between February and June 2021.

Unraveling the complex genetic basis of growth in New Zealand silver trevally (Pseudocaranx georgianus).

Growth directly influences production rate and therefore is one of the most important and well-studied traits in animal breeding. However, understanding the genetic basis of growth has been hindered by its typically complex polygenic architecture. Here, we performed quantitative trait locus mapping and genome-wide association studies for 10 growth traits that were observed over 2 years in 1,100 F1 captive-bred trevally (Pseudocaranx georgianus).

Palmar fracture-dislocation of the trapezoid with median nerve contusion. Case report and literature review.

Complete dislocations of the trapezoid are very uncommon injuries. The authors present a case of open palmar trapezoid fracture-dislocation with significant displacement of the fracture, acute carpal tunnel syndrome and other concomitant carpometacarpal injuries. A review of the literature search for palmar trapezoid dislocations and treatments was performed.

Post-traumatic entrapment of the median nerve in the ulno-humeral joint: Diagnosis, treatment and literature review.

Background: The incidence of median nerve injuries in pediatric elbow dislocations is approximately 3% and avulsion of the open medial epicondylar epiphysis in the pediatric population is one predisposing factor that may explain this age predilection. These lesions can be difficult to diagnose in the acute phase because symptoms tend to be mild or delayed, consequently their management can be challenging and functional outcome poorer.

Methods: We present the case of an unrecognized median nerve entrapment in a 16-year-old boy with posterior dislocation of the elbow and a medial epicondyle fracture, treated initially with close reduction and open stabilization with a cannulated screw.

Reconstruction of the Largest Pedigree Network for Pear Cultivars and Evaluation of the Genetic Diversity of the USDA-ARS National Collection.

The USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) in Corvallis, Oregon, maintains one of the world's largest and most diverse living collection. A thorough genetic characterization of this germplasm will provide relevant information to optimize the conservation strategy of pear biodiversity, support the use of this germplasm in breeding, and increase our knowledge of taxonomy, evolution, and domestication. In the last two decades simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers have been used at the NCGR for cultivar identification and small population structure analysis.

Quantitative phenotyping of shell suture strength in walnut (Juglans regia L.) enhances precision for detection of QTL and genome-wide association mapping.

Walnut shell suture strength directly impacts the ability to maintain shell integrity during harvest and processing, susceptibility to insect damage and other contamination, and the proportion of kernel halves recovered during cracking. Suture strength is therefore an important breeding objective. Here, two methods of phenotyping this trait were investigated: 1) traditional, qualitative and rather subjective scoring on an interval scale by human observers, and; 2) quantitative and continuous measurements captured by a texturometer.

Dissecting Genetic Resistance to Fire Blight in Three Pear Populations.

Fire blight, caused by the bacterial pathogen , is a persistent problem for pear ( spp.) growers in the United States. Growing resistant cultivars is one of the best options for managing fire blight.

Pseudo-chromosome-length genome assembly of a double haploid "Bartlett" pear (Pyrus communis L.).

Background: We report an improved assembly and scaffolding of the European pear (Pyrus communis L.) genome (referred to as BartlettDHv2.0), obtained using a combination of Pacific Biosciences RSII long-read sequencing, Bionano optical mapping, chromatin interaction capture (Hi-C), and genetic mapping.

Development of a highly efficient Axiom™ 70 K SNP array for Pyrus and evaluation for high-density mapping and germplasm characterization.

Background: Both a source of diversity and the development of genomic tools, such as reference genomes and molecular markers, are equally important to enable faster progress in plant breeding. Pear (Pyrus spp.) lags far behind other fruit and nut crops in terms of employment of available genetic resources for new cultivar development.

Novel Insights into Tree Biology and Genome Evolution as Revealed Through Genomics.

Reference genome sequences are the key to the discovery of genes and gene families that determine traits of interest. Recent progress in sequencing technologies has enabled a rapid increase in genome sequencing of tree species, allowing the dissection of complex characters of economic importance, such as fruit and wood quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Although the number of reference genome sequences for trees lags behind those for other plant species, it is not too early to gain insight into the unique features that distinguish trees from nontree plants.

Genome mapping of postzygotic hybrid necrosis in an interspecific pear population.

Deleterious epistatic interactions in plant inter- and intraspecific hybrids can cause a phenomenon known as hybrid necrosis, characterized by a typical seedling phenotype whose main distinguishing features are dwarfism, tissue necrosis and in some cases lethality. Identification of the chromosome regions associated with this type of incompatibility is important not only to increase our understanding of the evolutionary diversification that led to speciation but also for breeding purposes. Development of molecular markers linked to the lethal genes will allow breeders to avoid incompatible inbred combinations that could affect the expression of important agronomic tratis co-segregating with these genes.

The draft genome sequence of European pear (Pyrus communis L. 'Bartlett').

We present a draft assembly of the genome of European pear (Pyrus communis) 'Bartlett'. Our assembly was developed employing second generation sequencing technology (Roche 454), from single-end, 2 kb, and 7 kb insert paired-end reads using Newbler (version 2.7).