Association between disease-modifying therapies and adverse clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis patients with COVID-19 infection.

Background: This study aimed to consider the main risk factors related to adverse clinical outcomes in MS patients with COVID-19.

Methods: Using the electronic health records systems, this is a cross-sectional study of two years of hospital admissions in terms of COVID-19 in Iran from March 2019 to August 2021. The severities of COVID-19 outcomes were admitted to ICU, hospitalization days, and in-hospital mortality.

Air pollution during pregnancy and placental adaptation in the levels of global DNA methylation.

Background: Health in early life is crucial for health later in life. Exposure to air pollution during embryonic and early-life development can result in placental epigenetic modification and foetus reprogramming, which can influence disease susceptibility in later life. Objectives: The aim of this paper was to investigate the placental adaptation in the level of global DNA methylation and differential gene expression in the methylation cycle in new-borns exposed to high fine particulate matter in the foetal stage.