Atypical Electrophysiological Findings in a Patient with Acute Motor and Sensory Axonal Neuropathy.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy with acute onset and rapid clinical worsening; early diagnosis and immunomodulating therapy can ameliorate the course of disease. During the first days, however, nerve conduction studies (NCSs) are not always conclusive. Here, we describe a 73-year-old man presenting with progressive muscular weakness of the lower limbs, ascending to the upper limbs, accompanied by distal sensory disturbances.

Short-Term Memory Impairment and Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Dysfunction in the Orthostatic Position: A Single Case Study of Sinking Skin Flap Syndrome.

We describe the case of a patient who underwent craniectomy for hemorrhage of the left parietal lobe. Three weeks later, orthostatic memory impairment was detected as initial symptom of sinking skin flap syndrome (SSFS). This deficit was examined by neuropsychological testing and associated with a posture-dependent increase in the delta/alpha ratio at the F3 electrode, an electroencephalographic (EEG) index related to brain hypoperfusion.

New treatments for myasthenia: a focus on antisense oligonucleotides.

Autoimmune myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by autoantibodies directed against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Current symptomatic therapy is based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) drugs. The available long-term current therapy includes steroids and other immunomodulatory agents.

Muscle histopathology in upper motor neuron-dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

The distinction between primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) still remains debated. Recently, PLS patients displaying lower motor neuron (LMN) signs have been defined as 'upper motor neuron (UMN)-dominant ALS', using 'clinically pure PLS' diagnosis to those with no LMN signs. To further characterize the LMN involvement in UMN-dominant ALS we investigated the presence and the extent of neurogenic abnormalities in the skeletal muscle of patients affected with a pyramidal syndrome consistent with UMN-dominant ALS.