Integrating Basic Science into Endocrine Clinical Electives.

Practical and effective methods to integrate basic science material into clinical electives are lacking. We developed a primer for medical students participating in an ambulatory endocrinology elective highlighting pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and management of disorders. Students felt better prepared for the elective and mean scores on the endocrine knowledge test improved (7.

A National Survey of United States-Based Endocrinologists Who Prescribe Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.

Objective: The World Professional Association for Transgender Health Standards of Care Version 7 recommended that before initiating gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), patients should seek a psychosocial evaluation from a mental health professional documenting a diagnosis of persistent gender dysphoria. The Endocrine Society published guidelines in 2017 recommending against an obligatory psychosocial evaluation, which was affirmed in the recently published World Professional Association for Transgender Health Standards of Care Version 8 from 2022. Little is known about how endocrinologists ensure appropriate psychosocial assessment for their patients.

Radiology report language positively influences adrenal incidentaloma guideline adherence.

Background: Adrenal incidentalomas are common radiographic findings. Guidelines recommend biochemical and radiographic surveillance of adrenal incidentalomas. We investigated if patients were appropriately referred for outpatient evaluation.

Symptomatic Cushing's syndrome and hyperandrogenemia in a steroid cell ovarian neoplasm: a case report.

Background: Malignant steroid cell tumors of the ovary are rare and frequently associated with hormonal abnormalities. There are no guidelines on how to treat rapidly progressive Cushing's syndrome, a medical emergency.

Case Presentation: A 67-year-old white woman presented to our hospital with rapidly developing signs and symptoms of Cushing's syndrome secondary to a steroid-secreting tumor.

Disrupted Nitric Oxide Metabolism from Type II Diabetes and Acute Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution.

Type II diabetes is an established cause of vascular impairment. Particulate air pollution is known to exacerbate cardiovascular and respiratory conditions, particularly in susceptible populations. This study set out to determine the impact of exposure to traffic pollution, with and without particle filtration, on vascular endothelial function in Type II diabetes.

Proteolytic Cleavage of AMPKα and Intracellular MMP9 Expression Are Both Required for TLR4-Mediated mTORC1 Activation and HIF-1α Expression in Leukocytes.

LPS-induced TLR4 activation alters cellular bioenergetics and triggers proteolytic cleavage of AMPKα and HIF-1α expression in leukocytes. In human leukocytes, and more specifically neutrophils, AMPKα cleavage yields 55- and 35-kDa protein fragments. In this study, we address the mechanism by which AMPKα is cleaved and its relevance to human health.

Insulin-like growth factor-I inhibition with pasireotide decreases cell proliferation and increases apoptosis in pre-malignant lesions of the breast: a phase 1 proof of principle trial.

Introduction: Estrogen inhibition is effective in preventing breast cancer in only up to 50% of women with precancerous lesions and many experience side effects that are poorly tolerated. As insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) underlies both estrogen and progesterone actions and has other direct effects on mammary development and carcinogenesis, we hypothesized that IGF-I inhibition might provide a novel approach for breast cancer chemoprevention.

Methods: In total, 13 women with core breast biopsies diagnostic of atypical hyperplasia (AH) were treated for 10 days with pasireotide, a somatostatin analog which uniquely inhibits IGF-I action in the mammary gland.