Toxicity from repeated doses of acetaminophen in children: assessment of causality and dose in reported cases.

Liver injury has been reported in children treated with repeated doses of acetaminophen. The objective of this study was to identify and validate reports of liver injury or death in children younger than 6 years who were administered repeated therapeutic doses of acetaminophen. We reviewed US Poison Center data, peer-reviewed literature, US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reports, and US Manufacturer Safety Reports describing adverse effects after acetaminophen administration.

Treatment of chronically digoxin-poisoned patients with a newer digoxin immune fab--a retrospective study.

Context: Digoxin is used in the treatment of patients with cardiac dysfunction, though toxicity sometimes results from the use of this medication. In 1986, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a digoxin immune Fab for the treatment of such patients. In 2001, the FDA approved a newer digoxin immune Fab, a digoxin-specific antibody (DSAb) known as DigiFab (Protherics Inc, Brentwood, Tennessee), though minimal literature exists on the clinical effects of this DSAb.

Short-term outcomes after Fab antivenom therapy for severe crotaline snakebite.

Study Objectives: We seek to determine the short-term outcomes associated with the use of Crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab (ovine) (CroFab; FabAV) therapy for severe crotaline snake envenomation and to better define the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions associated with FabAV use.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter observational case series study of patients who received FabAV at 17 US hospitals in 2002 to 2004. A 7-point score incorporating local, systemic, and hematologic venom effects was used to grade envenomation severity before and after FabAV therapy.

Crotaline Fab antivenom appears to be effective in cases of severe North American pit viper envenomation: an integrative review.

Background: In 2000, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab (Ovine) (hereafter, FabAV), "for the management of patients with minimal to moderate North American Crotalid envenomation." Because whole-IgG pit viper antivenom is no longer available in the United States, FabAV is currently the only specific treatment option available to United States clinicians treating snakebite victims of any severity. No clinical trial data are available concerning the effectiveness of FabAV for treatment of severe snakebite, but several published articles describe its use in this setting.