Soluble CD163 Changes Indicate Monocyte Association With Cognitive Deficits in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with a significant immune component, as demonstrated by changes in immune biomarkers in patients' biofluids. However, which specific cells are responsible for those changes is unclear because most immune biomarkers can be produced by various cell types.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore monocyte involvement in PD.

Alterations in Blood Monocyte Functions in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: PD is a multisystem disease where both central and peripheral nervous systems are affected. This systemic involvement also includes the immune response in PD, which implicates not only microglia in the brain, but also peripheral immune cells, such as monocytes; however, this aspect has been understudied.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the PD-related changes in peripheral immune cells, their responsiveness to stimulation, and their ability to release immunomodulatory molecules that might have consequences for the disease progression.

Whole Exome Sequencing of HIV-1 long-term non-progressors identifies rare variants in genes encoding innate immune sensors and signaling molecules.

Common CCR5-∆32 and HLA alleles only explain a minority of the HIV long-term non-progressor (LTNP) and elite controller (EC) phenotypes. To identify rare genetic variants contributing to the slow disease progression phenotypes, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on seven LTNPs and four ECs. HLA and CCR5 allele status, total HIV DNA reservoir size, as well as variant-related functional differences between the ECs, LTNPs, and eleven age- and gender-matched HIV-infected non-controllers on antiretroviral therapy (NCARTs) were investigated.

A Novel Toll-Like Receptor 9 Agonist, MGN1703, Enhances HIV-1 Transcription and NK Cell-Mediated Inhibition of HIV-1-Infected Autologous CD4+ T Cells.

Unlabelled: Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are potent enhancers of innate antiviral immunity and may also reverse HIV-1 latency. Therefore, TLR agonists have a potential role in the context of a "shock-and-kill" approach to eradicate HIV-1. Our extensive preclinical evaluation suggests that a novel TLR9 agonist, MGN1703, may indeed perform both functions in an HIV-1 eradication trial.

Altered fraction of regulatory B and T cells is correlated with autoimmune phenomena and splenomegaly in patients with CVID.

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous primary immunodeficiency disease, leading to recurrent bacterial airway infections and often also autoimmune complications. To shed light on the regulatory lymphocytes from these patients, we analyzed the levels of regulatory B (pro-B10) cell and regulatory T (Treg) cell subpopulations in PBMCs from twenty-six patients diagnosed with CVID using multi-color flowcytometry. Pro-B10 cells were induced by 48h in vitro stimulation prior to analysis.