Rural-urban disparities of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: A scoping review.

Unlabelled: The rising age of the global population has made Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) a critical public health problem, with significant health-related disparities observed between rural and urban areas. However, no previous reviews have examined the scope and determinant factors contributing to rural-urban disparities of ADRD-related health outcomes. This study aims to systematically collate and synthesize peer-reviewed articles on rural-urban disparities in ADRD, identifying key determinants and research gaps to guide future research.

Dual controls of vapour pressure deficit and soil moisture on photosynthesis in a restored temperate bog.

Despite only covering ~3 % of the land mass, peatlands store more carbon (C) per unit area than any other ecosystem. This is due to the discrepancy between C fixed by the plants (Gross primary productivity (GPP)) and decomposition. However, this C is vulnerable to frequent, severe droughts and changes in the peatland microclimate.

The Role of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status in Institutionalization of Home Health Care Patients With and Without Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias.

Objectives: To assess whether neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) moderates the association between Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) and successful discharge to the community. In addition, to explore whether the role of neighborhood SES on successful discharge for patients with ADRD varies by the severity of ADRD.

Design: This is a retrospective cohort study.

Boreal-Arctic wetland methane emissions modulated by warming and vegetation activity.

Wetland methane (CH) emissions over the Boreal-Arctic region are vulnerable to climate change and linked to climate feedbacks, yet understanding of their long-term dynamics remains uncertain. Here, we upscaled and analysed two decades (2002-2021) of Boreal-Arctic wetland CH emissions, representing an unprecedented compilation of eddy covariance and chamber observations. We found a robust increasing trend of CH emissions (+8.

Recent increases in annual, seasonal, and extreme methane fluxes driven by changes in climate and vegetation in boreal and temperate wetland ecosystems.

Climate warming is expected to increase global methane (CH ) emissions from wetland ecosystems. Although in situ eddy covariance (EC) measurements at ecosystem scales can potentially detect CH flux changes, most EC systems have only a few years of data collected, so temporal trends in CH remain uncertain. Here, we use established drivers to hindcast changes in CH fluxes (FCH ) since the early 1980s.

Successful Discharge to Community From Home Health Less Likely for People in Late Stages of Dementia.

Background And Purpose: Several studies have established the efficacy of home health in meeting the health care needs of people with Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) and helping them to remain at home. However, transitioning to the community after discharge from home health presents challenges to patient safety and quality of life. The severity of an individual's functional impairments, cognitive limitations, and behavioral and psychological symptoms may compound these challenges.

Practical Guide to Measuring Wetland Carbon Pools and Fluxes.

Unlabelled: Wetlands cover a small portion of the world, but have disproportionate influence on global carbon (C) sequestration, carbon dioxide and methane emissions, and aquatic C fluxes. However, the underlying biogeochemical processes that affect wetland C pools and fluxes are complex and dynamic, making measurements of wetland C challenging. Over decades of research, many observational, experimental, and analytical approaches have been developed to understand and quantify pools and fluxes of wetland C.

Observational constraints reduce model spread but not uncertainty in global wetland methane emission estimates.

The recent rise in atmospheric methane (CH ) concentrations accelerates climate change and offsets mitigation efforts. Although wetlands are the largest natural CH source, estimates of global wetland CH emissions vary widely among approaches taken by bottom-up (BU) process-based biogeochemical models and top-down (TD) atmospheric inversion methods. Here, we integrate in situ measurements, multi-model ensembles, and a machine learning upscaling product into the International Land Model Benchmarking system to examine the relationship between wetland CH emission estimates and model performance.

Modeled production, oxidation, and transport processes of wetland methane emissions in temperate, boreal, and Arctic regions.

Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH ) to the atmosphere. The eddy covariance method provides robust measurements of net ecosystem exchange of CH , but interpreting its spatiotemporal variations is challenging due to the co-occurrence of CH production, oxidation, and transport dynamics. Here, we estimate these three processes using a data-model fusion approach across 25 wetlands in temperate, boreal, and Arctic regions.

Association of Dementia Severity and Caregiver Support With Early Discharge From Home Health.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between dementia severity and early discharge from home health.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 100% national Medicare home health da ta files (2016-2017). Multilevel logistic regression was used to study the relationship of dementia severity, caregiver support, and medication assistance with early discharge from home health.

Home health utilization association with discharge to community for people with dementia.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to identify home health utilization factors associated with successful discharge to community after home health care for patients with and without Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 100% national Medicare home health data files (2016 to 2017). Multilevel logistic regression was used to study the relationship of home health utilization with a modified definition of successful discharge to community (M-SDC) after home health (no readmission or discharge within 30 days).

Anthropogenic emission is the main contributor to the rise of atmospheric methane during 1993-2017.

Atmospheric methane (CH) concentrations have shown a puzzling resumption in growth since 2007 following a period of stabilization from 2000 to 2006. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain the temporal variations in CH growth, and attribute the rise of atmospheric CH either to increases in emissions from fossil fuel activities, agriculture and natural wetlands, or to a decrease in the atmospheric chemical sink. Here, we use a comprehensive ensemble of CH source estimates and isotopic δC-CH source signature data to show that the resumption of CH growth is most likely due to increased anthropogenic emissions.

Academy of Geriatric Physical Therapy Research Agenda: Rationale for the Development and the Intent for Use.

The rationale for the development and the intent for use of a research agenda for the Academy of Geriatric Physical Therapy is described. The reasons for the research agenda for geriatric physical therapy are (1) to have a broad representation of the research conducted by physical therapist(s) working with older adults, (2) to provide guidance and assistance to emerging investigators to aid the trajectory of a research career, and (3) as a document to engage potential funding agencies, foundations, and individuals in support of physical therapist-conducted research. The design was based on the Research Agenda for Physical Therapy (APTA document), formatted to be consistent with the World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, priority ratings for the research statements, and specific examples of research questions for each category of the Research Agenda.

Substantial hysteresis in emergent temperature sensitivity of global wetland CH emissions.

Wetland methane (CH) emissions ([Formula: see text]) are important in global carbon budgets and climate change assessments. Currently, [Formula: see text] projections rely on prescribed static temperature sensitivity that varies among biogeochemical models. Meta-analyses have proposed a consistent [Formula: see text] temperature dependence across spatial scales for use in models; however, site-level studies demonstrate that [Formula: see text] are often controlled by factors beyond temperature.

Mobility and Self-Care are Associated With Discharge to Community After Home Health for People With Dementia.

Objectives: A priority health outcome for patients, families, and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) is a patient's ability to return home and remain in the community without adverse events following discharge from post-acute care services. Successful discharge to community (DTC) is defined as being discharged to the community and not experiencing a readmission or death within 30 days of discharge. The objective of this study was to determine the association between patient factors and successful DTC after home health for individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).

A Framework for Teaching Development at a Specialized Graduate Institution.

The path for faculty advancement and self-improvement is often uncertain in higher education. Even in the health professions, where we diligently prepare graduate students for clinical roles, our pathways for new faculty transitioning from clinical to teaching roles are often nebulous. This article describes the process that the MGH Institute of Health Professions undertook in developing a set of Faculty Development Domains to guide graduate health professions faculty as they progress through their teaching careers.

Is Referral to Home Health Rehabilitation After Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Associated With 90-Day Hospital Readmission for Adult Patients With Stroke?

Objective: We examined the association between home health rehabilitation referral and 90-day risk-adjusted hospital readmission after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation facilities among adult patients recovering from stroke (N = 1219).

Design: A secondary data analysis of the 2005-2006 Stroke Recovery in Underserved Population database. A logistic regression model, multilevel model, and the propensity score inverse probability weighting model were used to evaluate the risk of 90-day rehospitalization between patients with stroke who received a referral for home health rehabilitation and those who did not receive a home health rehabilitation referral at inpatient rehabilitation facility discharge.

Function and Caregiver Support Associated With Readmissions During Home Health for Individuals With Dementia.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between mobility, self-care, cognition, and caregiver support and 30-day potentially preventable readmissions (PPR) for individuals with dementia.

Design: This retrospective study derived data from 100% national Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data files from July 1, 2013, through June 1, 2015.

Participants: Criteria from the Home Health Claims-Based Rehospitalization Measure and the Potentially Preventable 30-Day Post Discharge Readmission Measure for the Home Health Quality Reporting Program were used to identify a cohort of 118,171 Medicare beneficiaries.