Elucidation of Bacterial-Mediated Hesperidin Transformation, Structural Evaluation, and Computational Drug Targeting against Helicobacter pylori.

Biotransformation, a dynamic process conducted by microorganisms, holds promise in modifying natural compounds for enhanced therapeutic potential. In this study, we leverage bacterial systems to catalyze the transformation of hesperidin, obtained from Citrus sinensis, aiming for structural modifications that could optimize its bioactivity and computational targeting against Helicobacter pylori. Multiple bacterial species were employed to perform biotransformation reactions.

Analysis of spinal muscular atrophy patients from the spinal muscular atrophy and muscular dystrophy registry of Pakistan.

Background: Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) leads to motor neuron loss, with progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Nationwide registries for neuromuscular diseases are pivotal for assessing epidemiology, preparing for clinical trials, and for adopting standardized management guidelines.

Objectives: This paper aims to present data gathered during the establishment of Pakistan's inaugural registry for genetically confirmed SMA cases.

Comparative safety and effectiveness of cryoballoon versus radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Over the past fifty years, the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) has tripled. Traditionally, the main treatment for this condition has been pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) performed using radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). However, another technique known as cryoballoon ablation (CBA) has been developed as another option for managing this heart rhythm disorder.

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Among the WHO's AWaRe Classified Antibiotics Used to Treat Urinary Tract Infections in Diabetic Women.

: Diabetes is linked to a higher risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women, often leading to recurrent antibiotic treatments. Frequent antibiotic use for UTIs can contribute to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a critical public health threat that increases treatment failure. This study investigated the prevalence of AMR and its associated factors among women with UTIs, comparing those with and without diabetes.

Cervicofacial emphysema: A systematic review.

Cervicofacial Emphysema (CFE) is a self-limiting condition, defined by the presence of air in face and neck. The purpose of the manuscript is to systematically review the existing literature on CFE evaluation and management for updated clinical understanding of this condition. A literature search was conducted of publications about CFE on PubMed and Google Scholar by identifying all the articles with key search terms "Cervicofacial Emphysema" and "Sub Cutaneous Emphysema".

Are females in classical hematology getting a fair share? Uncovering gender disparities in NIH R01 grants.

Gender Disparity remains a pressing issue in academic medicine, notably in classical hematology where females continue to be underrepresented by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for funded R01 grants. In this research, we analyzed ten years of NIH R01 grants funded in classical hematology, covering the period from 2012 to 2022. Of the 250,031 R01 grants funded during this period, females received only 32.

Comprehensive assessment of fish diversity and water health in river Indus, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Fish diversity and water quality are vital indicators of the health of freshwater ecosystems, however these systems are increasingly threatened by environmental changes and anthropogenic activities. This investigation aimed to assess the fish diversity and evaluate the physicochemical parameters of water at Ghazi Swabi near Tarbela Dam, River Indus, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, between March and June 2020. Monthly water samples were collected and analyzed for various physicochemical parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, turbidity, salinity, and concentrations of heavy metals including lead (Pb), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg).

Normative values and factors affecting saphenous nerve responses in a south Asian population: a cross-sectional neurophysiological study at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.

Background: The saphenous nerve, a sensory branch of the femoral nerve, is not commonly included in routine lower extremity nerve conduction studies due to a high frequency of non-recordable responses in healthy subjects. However, saphenous nerve conduction studies are sometimes utilized for the diagnostic assessment of isolated lumbosacral plexus, femoral, or saphenous mononeuropathies. Our study aims to determine normative saphenous nerve response values in a healthy Pakistani population and to investigate their associations with patient body mass index, age, and gender.

Multidisciplinary treatment of a patient with TMJ ankylosis and a severe dentofacial discrepancy: A case report.

Introduction: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is a debilitating condition characterised by the fusion of bony or fibrous tissues in the TMJ, resulting in restricted mouth opening, functional challenges and facial deformities. This report highlights the complexity and multifaceted nature of TMJ ankylosis and emphasises the significance of early intervention and a multidisciplinary approach. Distraction osteogenesis has emerged as a successful method for managing TMJ ankylosis and associated facial asymmetry.

Effects of oral steroid sparing immunosuppressive drugs in long term maintenance treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy.

Background And Objectives: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an acquired treatable autoimmune disorder. Due to limited availability and affordability of IV immunoglobulins and therapeutic plasma exchange in Pakistan, oral immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs) are used despite limited role in literature. The study aimed to determine the response to ISDs in CIDP patients by assessing the frequency of remission, reduction of disability using a neuropathy related disability score called Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment score (or INCAT score), as well as reduction in steroid maintenance dose.

HMGCR Inhibitor Restores Mitochondrial Dynamics by Regulating Signaling Cascades in a Rodent Alzheimer's Disease Model.

Atorvastatin an HMGCR inhibitor may play a role in enhancing spatial and long-term memory and combating anxious behavior deficits induced by Aβ. Behavioral deficit studies, immunoblotting for the antioxidant/apoptotic protein expression, flow cytometry (FACS) for mitochondrial ROS, membrane potential (▲ψm), and histopathological alterations were performed against Aβ toxicity. Aβ was infused directly into the brain through i.

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: A comprehensive review of diagnosis and management.

Pneumomediastinum is a rare condition defined by the presence of air in the mediastinum. In the absence of traumatic injury, iatrogenic injury, or clear etiology, it is called spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM). Spontaneous pneumomediastinum most commonly occurs in younger individuals and has a self-limiting course with a good outcome.

Anogeissus Latifolia: A Comprehensive Review from Ethanobotanical Insights to Future Pharmacological Frontiers.

Anogeissus latifolia, commonly known as Axlewood, Indian Gum Tree, or Gum Ghatti, belongs to the Combretaceae family and is native to India, Nepal, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka. It thrives in most tropical and subtropical regions of India. Different parts of the plant contain various proteins, carbohydrates, sugars (arabinose, galactose, mannose, xylose, rhamnose, and glucuronic acid), minerals (magnesium and calcium salts of ghattic acid), and a wide range of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, sterols, saponins, tannins, coumarins, quinine, and ellagic acid.

Impact of acidic beverages on composition and surface characteristics of human teeth: scanning electron microscopic, stereomicroscopic and energy dispersive x-ray analyses.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of acidic beverages on the surface topography and elemental composition of human teeth.

Methods: A total of five highly acidic beverages (Red Bull, Pepsi, Apple Cidra, Tang Mosambi, and Tang Orange) were investigated. The tooth specimens of experimental groups were submerged in each beverage and incubated at 37 °C for 7 days, whereas, the tooth specimens of control groups were placed in distilled water.

The Cellular Genesis of Metabolic Syndrome and the Role of Anti-urate Drugs in Hyperuricemia Patients: A Systematic Review.

Hyperuricemia results due to the underexcretion of uric acid through kidneys or overproduction due to either intake of purine-rich foods, a high caloric diet, or a decreased activity of purine recycler hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT). Increased xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) enzyme activity may contribute to hyperuricemia. Literature provides growing evidence that an independent component that contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and associated comorbidities is hyperuricemia.

Abnormal Heart Rate Recovery and Chronotropic Incompetence With Exercise in Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease With and Without Pulmonary Hypertension.

Introduction Chronotropic incompetence (CI) and heart rate (HR) recovery at one minute post-exercise (HRR1) have been proposed as indicators of autonomic imbalance. We retrospectively studied the presence of CI and HRR1 attained on cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and those with interstitial lung disease with pulmonary hypertension (ILD-PHTN). Methods A total of 32 patients (21 had ILD alone; 11 had ILD-PHTN) underwent CPET performed per American Thoracic Society protocol on a manually-braked bicycle.

Exploring as a promising natural source of steroids with potent anti-cancer, urease inhibition, and antimicrobial properties.

The genus is a rich source of physiologically active secondary metabolites, including a novel compound named 21-methylene-24-ethylidene lophenol, alongside 15 known compounds. These compounds were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques. They exhibited promising antimicrobial activity, particularly against bacteria causing gastrointestinal infections.

Exploring the Effect of Cetylpyridinium Chloride Addition on the Antibacterial Activity and Surface Hardness of Resin-Based Dental Composites.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) addition on the antibacterial and surface hardness characteristics of two commercial resin-based dental composites (RBDCs). A total of two hundred and seventy ( = 270) specimens from Filtek Z250 Universal and Filtek Z350 XT flowable RBDCs were fabricated with the addition of CPC at 2 %wt and 4 %wt concentrations to assess their antibacterial activity using the agar diffusion test and direct contact inhibition test, and their surface hardness using the Vickers microhardness test after 1 day, 30 days, and 90 days of aging. A surface morphology analysis of the specimens was performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

The Interplay of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Dopamine Agonists as an Effective Disease-Modifying Therapy for Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological ailment with a slower rate of advancement that is more common in older adults. The biggest risk factor for PD is getting older, and those over 60 have an exponentially higher incidence of this condition. The failure of the mitochondrial electron chain, changes in the dynamics of the mitochondria, and abnormalities in calcium and ion homeostasis are all symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD).