Targeting CDK2 to combat drug resistance in cancer therapy.

Drug resistance remains a major obstacle in cancer treatment, leading to treatment failures and high mortality rates. Despite advancements in therapies, overcoming resistance requires a deeper understanding of its mechanisms. This review highlights CDK2's pivotal role in both intrinsic and acquired resistance, and its potential as a therapeutic target.

Efficacy and safety of insulin detemir versus glargine in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Performing an updated meta-analysis to compare the safety and efficacy of insulin glargine and insulin detemir in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Electronic databases were searched up to 18 August 2021. A random-effects model was applied to pool data from included studies to calculate the standardized mean differences (SMDs) for the continuous variables and relative risks (RRs) for the dichotomous variable.

An overview of CDK3 in cancer: clinical significance and pharmacological implications.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 3 (CDK3) is a major player driving retinoblastoma (Rb) phosphorylation during the G/G transition and in the early G phase of the cell cycle, preceding the effects of CDK4/cyclin D, CDK6/cyclin D, and CDK2/cyclin E. CDK3 can also directly regulate the activity of E2 factor (E2F) by skipping the role of Rb in late G, potentially via the phosphorylation of the E2F1 partner DP1. Beyond the cell cycle, CDK3 interacts with various transcription factors involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and transformation driven by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/rat sarcoma virus (Ras) signaling pathway.

-Sitosterol Alters the Inflammatory Response in CLP Rat Model of Sepsis by Modulation of NFB Signaling.

Purpose: Sepsis originates from the host inflammatory response, especially to bacterial infections, and is considered one of the main causes of death in intensive care units. Various agents have been developed to inhibit mediators of the inflammatory response; one prospective agent is -sitosterol (S), a phytosterol with a structure similar to cholesterol. This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of S on the biomarkers of inflammation and liver function in cecal ligation and puncture- (CLP-) induced septic rats.

A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of metformin in severe traumatic brain injury.

Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Metformin is reported to have pleiotropic neuroprotective effects through anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-ischemic activity, and improvements in vascular hemodynamics and endothelial function. The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy and safety of metformin therapy in severe TBI patients.

Monomethyl fumarate alleviates sepsis-induced hepatic dysfunction by regulating TLR-4/NF-κB signalling pathway.

Aims: Sepsis is a potentially fatal illness that can lead to impairment of multiple organs such as liver. The condition is deeply associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Monomethyl fumarate (MMF) has manifested antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties.

Acetyl-l-carnitine attenuates arsenic-induced liver injury by abrogation of mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats.

Industrial and agricultural developments in recent years have resulted in the excessive discharge of arsenic into the environment, making arsenic toxicity a major worldwide concern. Oxidative stress is considered the primary mechanism for arsenic toxicity. The main objective of this study was to evaluate acetyl-l-carnitine's (ALC) protective ability against the arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity.

Changes in CYP2D enzyme activity following induction of type 2 diabetes, and administration of cinnamon and metformin: an experimental animal study.

1. Alterations in the activity of hepatic cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes result in changes in the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs. This study was designed to explore the impact of type II diabetes, metformin and cinnamon on the activity of CYP2D isoenzyme.