Investigation of Possible Changes Induced by RNA Silencing in Some Leaf Metabolites of Transgenic Sugar Beet Events.

Sugar beet is vulnerable to rhizomania as the most destructive viral disease. Two selected events of transgenic sugar beet carrying cassettes inducing RNA silencing mechanism, 219-T3:S3-13.2 (S3) and 6018-T3:S6-44 (S6), were shown to inhibit propagation of , the causative agent.

Comparative proteome analyses of rhizomania resistant transgenic sugar beets based on RNA silencing mechanism.

Rhizomania is an economically important disease of sugar beet, which is caused by (BNYVV). As previously shown, RNA silencing mechanism effectively inhibit the viral propagation in transgenic sugar beet plants. To investigate possible proteomic changes induced by gene insertion and/or RNA silencing mechanism, the root protein profiles of wild type sugar beet genotype 9597, as a control, and transgenic events named 6018-T3:S6-44 (S6) and 219-T3:S3-13.

Developing a competency framework for Health Professions Education at doctoral level: The first step toward a competency based education.

The aim of this study was to develop the competency framework for Doctoral graduates in Health Professions Education, which is the first step in implementing an outcome-based curriculum. The present study conducted in three phases. First, viewpoints of 100 stakeholders, including students, graduates, faculty members, and educational managers were explored by using Nominal Group technique, survey, and telephone interviews.

Sequential Objective Structured Clinical Examination based on item response theory in Iran.

Purpose: In a sequential objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), all students initially take a short screening OSCE. Examinees who pass are excused from further testing, but an additional OSCE is administered to the remaining examinees. Previous investigations of sequential OSCE were based on classical test theory.

Undergraduate medical education programme renewal: a longitudinal context, input, process and product evaluation study.

The purpose of this study was to utilize the Context, Input, Process and Product (CIPP) evaluation model as a comprehensive framework to guide initiating, planning, implementing and evaluating a revised undergraduate medical education programme. The eight-year longitudinal evaluation study consisted of four phases compatible with the four components of the CIPP model. In the first phase, we explored the strengths and weaknesses of the traditional programme as well as contextual needs, assets, and resources.

Assessing the reliability of the borderline regression method as a standard setting procedure for objective structured clinical examination.

Background: One of the methods used for standard setting is the borderline regression method (BRM). This study aims to assess the reliability of BRM when the pass-fail standard in an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) was calculated by averaging the BRM standards obtained for each station separately.

Materials And Methods: In nine stations of the OSCE with direct observation the examiners gave each student a checklist score and a global score.

Comparison of two methods of standard setting: the performance of the three-level Angoff method.

Context: Cut-scores, reliability and validity vary among standard-setting methods. The modified Angoff method (MA) is a well-known standard-setting procedure, but the three-level Angoff approach (TLA), a recent modification, has not been extensively evaluated.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare standards and pass rates in an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) obtained using two methods of standard setting with discussion and reality checking, and to assess the reliability and validity of each method.