Retrospective Outcomes Comparison by Treatment Location for Pediatric Mild and Moderate Diabetic Ketoacidosis.

Objectives: Pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is often treated in a PICU, but nonsevere DKA may not necessitate PICU admission. At our institution, nonsevere DKA was treated on the floor until policy change shifted care to the PICU. We describe outcomes in pediatric mild to moderate DKA by treatment location.

Validation of a Novel Mobile Application for Assessing Pediatric Tracheostomy Emergency Simulations.

Objective: Pediatric tracheostomy is associated with high morbidity and mortality, yet clinician knowledge and quality of tracheostomy care may vary widely. In situ simulation is effective at detecting and mitigating related latent safety threats, but evaluation via retrospective video review has disadvantages (eg, delayed analysis, and potential data loss). We evaluated whether a novel mobile application is accurate and reliable for assessment of in situ tracheostomy emergency simulations.

Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System for Acute Liver Failure in a New Pediatric-Based Extracorporeal Liver Support Program.

Importance: Acute liver failure (ALF) carries significant morbidity and mortality, for both pediatric and adult patients. Albumin dialysis via the molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) is a form of extracorporeal liver support (ELS) that can reduce hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a main driver of mortality in ALF. However, data on MARS and its benefit on mortality have been inconsistent.

Feeding Pathway for Children on High Flow Nasal Cannula Decreases Time to Enteral Nutrition.

Unlabelled: High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) is commonly used for children with respiratory failure, yet no standardized guidelines exist on how to initiate, escalate, and maintain enteral nutrition (EN) for these patients. EN in critically ill children is associated with decreased hospital length of stay, decreased ventilator days, and fewer acquired infections. We aimed to decrease the mean time to EN initiation by 50% after the start of HFNC in 6 months.

A fatal case report of antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus type 1 following remote Zika virus infection.

Background: Dengue virus (DENV) is endemic in many parts of the world. Antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) in DENV infections occurs when a person with primary immunity is infected by a second, different DENV strain. Antibodies to Zika virus (ZIKV), which emerged in the Western Hemisphere in 2015, are cross reactive with DENV and theoretically could provoke ADE in a DENV naïve individual.

Humoral Immunodeficiency and Immune Globulin Replacement Therapy (IGRT) Usage in DiGeorge Syndrome.

Purpose: An analysis of patients in the United States Immunodeficiency Network (USIDNET) registry previously described a discordance in the reported prevalence of humoral immune deficiency in patients with DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) and its treatment. The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the rates of humoral immunodeficiency and immune globulin replacement therapy (IGRT) use in patients with DiGeorge syndrome in the USIDNET registry as of September 2016, and to correlate IGRT use with prior infections and laboratory evidence of immune deficiency.

Methods: Current patients in the USIDNET registry with DGS were identified.

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection (MIS-C): A Multi-institutional Study from New York City.

Objective: To assess clinical characteristics and outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

Study Design: Children with MIS-C admitted to pediatric intensive care units in New York City between April 23 and May 23, 2020, were included. Demographic and clinical data were collected.

Increased Use of Noninvasive Ventilation Associated With Decreased Use of Invasive Devices in Children With Bronchiolitis.

Unlabelled: To assess how a change in practice to more frequent use of high-flow nasal cannula for the treatment of bronchiolitis would affect the use of invasive devices in children.

Design: Retrospective cohort study of children under 2 years old admitted to the ICU with respiratory failure secondary to bronchiolitis. Outcomes and invasive device use were compared between two time periods, before and after the practice change.