Dysphagia in Mexican older adults with mild cognitive impairment and dementia.

Introduction: Dysphagia and cognitive impairment are common in older people. It is linked to alterations in brain areas related to swallowing.

Objective: To explore the characteristics of dysphagia using fluoroscopy in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.

Agreement between Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers, Brain 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET, and Clinical Diagnosis in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment.

Background: Clinical practice has advanced toward a combined diagnostic approach that involves clinical criteria and biological markers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. Objective: To establish the level of diagnostic agreement between an initial clinical diagnosis and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) biomarkers in a cohort of patients from a memory clinic. Methods: This is a observational, retrospective, cohort study conducted at an outpatient memory clinic.

Behavioral Activation Therapy for Depression Led by Health Personnel in Older People: A Scoping Review.

Behavioral activation therapy is presented as a promising psychological intervention to enhance depression management and related symptoms by increasing engagement in rewarding activities. This study reviews three research endeavors, including randomized controlled trials and a case study. Variability in intervention duration and training approaches is noted, although typically, eight sessions per week were conducted.

Cognitive Frailty and Aging: Clinical Characteristics, Pathophysiological Mechanisms, and Potential Prevention Strategies.

Frailty has been conceptualized not only as a physical disease, but also as a multidomain entity that encompasses a multimorbid status, disability, cognitive impairment, psychosocial risk factors, and even geriatric syndromes. In addition to physical ailments and depending on the diagnostic model. Standardized neuropsychological tests can identify cognitive deficiencies along with mild cognitive impairment, a pre-dementia stage characterized by memory and/or other cognitive domain impairments with relatively preserved instrumental activities of daily living.

Advancements in dementia research, diagnostics, and care in Latin America: Highlights from the 2023 Alzheimer's Association International conference satellite symposium in Mexico City.

Introduction: While Latin America (LatAm) is facing an increasing burden of dementia due to the rapid aging of the population, it remains underrepresented in dementia research, diagnostics, and care.

Methods: In 2023, the Alzheimer's Association hosted its eighth satellite symposium in Mexico, highlighting emerging dementia research, priorities, and challenges within LatAm.

Results: Significant initiatives in the region, including intracountry support, showcased their efforts in fostering national and international collaborations; genetic studies unveiled the unique genetic admixture in LatAm; researchers conducting emerging clinical trials discussed ongoing culturally specific interventions; and the urgent need to harmonize practices and studies, improve diagnosis and care, and use affordable biomarkers in the region was highlighted.

Brain health index as a predictor of possible vascular dementia in the Mexican health and aging study 2012-2015.

To determine the burden of disease among subjects at risk of developing stroke or dementia, brain health indexes (BHI) tend to rely on anatomical features. Recent definitions emphasize the need of a broader perspective that encompasses cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFS) and lifestyle components which can be considered partial contributors to optimal brain health. In this study, we aimed to establish the association and risk detected by a Brain Health Index and the risk of possible vascular dementia (PVD) using data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) 2012-2015.

Cognitive function in Mexican older adults 6-months after recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with multiple short- and long-term complications including depression, and cognitive impairment (CI). However, older adults with CI after COVID-19 have not been fully documented.

Objective: To evaluate cognitive function in Mexican adults post-recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Factors associated with functional decline in COVID-19 elderly survivors hospitalized in a tertiary care center.

Background: The information on functional decline after hospitalization for COVID-19 is limited in older adults (OAs).

Objective: To determine the association of inflammation (ferritin) and coagulation markers (D-dimer) and clinical factors with the functional status of OAs who suffered from COVID-19 six months after hospital discharge in Mexico.

Material And Methods: Ambispective cohort study of 158 patients older than 65 years hospitalized for moderate-severe COVID-19 with complete electronic records that would allow to collect information and to contact them six months after discharge.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the everyday cognition scale (M-ECog) in older Mexican adults with cognitive impairment.

Unlabelled: The Everyday Cognition (ECog) scale was created to evaluate the functional abilities of older adults across a wide range of abilities between normal aging and dementia. ECog screens cognitive alterations such as subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This early recognition is done by the measurement of the ability to perform the activities of daily living (ADLs).

Association between vitamin B levels and cognitive impairment in older adults.

Introduction: Whether vitamin B deficiency is associated with cognitive impairment remains controversial.

Objective: To determine the association between vitamin B serum levels and cognitive performance.

Methods: Two-hundred and forty-one adults aged ≥ 60 years who had serum vitamin B serum levels measurement were included.

Prevalence of Dementia and Main Subtypes in Mexico: The Study on Aging and Dementia in Mexico (SADEM).

Background: Dementia is a priority public health issue due to its high prevalence worldwide and its economic, social, and health impact. However, there are few reports in Mexico based on formal tests and with a clinical approach based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5).

Objective: This study estimates the prevalence of the main types of dementia among elderly people living in the community in Mexico City.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN APOE-ε CARRIER STATUS AND QUALITATIVE NEUROIMAGING CHARACTERISTICS IN OLDER ADULTS WITH MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT.

Background: The pathogenesis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is multifactorial and includes the presence of genetic variants such as the ε allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE-ε). Association between the APOE-ε carrier status and deleterious structural and functional changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been previously described in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. However, the central nervous system changes may possibly develop in earlier stages of cognitive impairment, as reflected in MCI.

Use of Fast Gamma Magnetic Stimulation Over the Left Prefrontal Dorsolateral Cortex for the Treatment of MCI and Mild Alzheimer's Disease: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Sham-Controlled, Pilot Study.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) animal models have shown a reduced gamma power in several brain areas, and induction of these oscillations by non-invasive methods has been shown to modify several pathogenic mechanisms of AD. In humans, the application of low-intensity magnetic fields has shown to be able to produce neural entrainment at the magnetic pulse frequency, making it useful to induce gamma frequencies. The aim of this study was to assess if the application of fast gamma magnetic stimulation (FGMS) over the left prefrontal dorsolateral cortex would be a safe and well-tolerated intervention that could potentially improve cognitive scores in subjects with mild cognitive impairment and mild AD.

Prevalence and incidence of possible vascular dementia among Mexican older adults: Analysis of the Mexican Health and Aging Study.

Introduction: Vascular dementia is the second most common cause of dementia. Physical disability and cognitive impairment due to stroke are conditions that considerably affect quality of life. We estimated the prevalence and incidence of possible vascular dementia (PVD) in older adults using data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS 2012 and 2015 waves).

Five-Word Test, Screening of Mixed Dementia in Older Adults. Validation Study.

Introduction And Objectives: The prevalence of mixed dementia (MixD), defined as the coexistence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD), is likely to increase as the population ages. The five-word test (5WT) is a neuropsychological test that differentiates between major and mild neurocognitive disorder (NCD). The objective of the study is to validate 5WT for the detection of MixD.

Comparison of the Impact of Zika and Dengue Virus Infection, and Other Acute Illnesses of Unidentified Origin on Cognitive Functions in a Prospective Cohort in Chiapas Mexico.

Zika has been associated with a variety of severe neurologic manifestations including meningitis and encephalitis. We hypothesized that it may also cause mild to subclinical neurocognitive alterations during acute infection or over the long term. In this observational cohort study, we explored whether Zika cause subclinical or mild neurocognitive alterations, estimate its frequency and duration, and compare it to other acute illnesses in a cohort of people with suspected Zika infection, in the region of Tapachula in Chiapas, Mexico during 2016-2018.

The Social Vulnerability Index, Mortality and Disability in Mexican Middle-Aged and Older Adults.

The social vulnerability index (SVI) independently predicts mortality and others adverse outcomes across different populations. There is no evidence that the SVI can predict adverse outcomes in individuals living in countries with high social vulnerability such as Latin America. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of the SVI with mortality and disability in Mexican middle-aged and older adults.

Association between ApoE ε4 Carrier Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Mild Cognitive Impairment among Mexican Older Adults.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (amnestic or non-amnestic) has different clinical and neuropsychological characteristics, and its evolution is heterogeneous. Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), such as hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia, and the presence of the Apolipoprotein E ε4 (ApoE ε4) polymorphism have been associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias but the relationship is inconsistent worldwide. We aimed to establish the association between the ApoE ε4 carrier status and CVRF on MCI subtypes (amnestic and non-amnestic) in Mexican older adults.

Effect of poor glycemic control in cognitive performance in the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Mexican Health and Aging Study.

Background: Cognitive impairment is twice more frequent in elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This study was conducted to determine the association between glycemic control and cognitive performance among community-dwelling elderly persons in Mexico.

Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in individuals aged 60 years or elderly participating in the 2012 Mexican Health and Aging Study.

ASSOCIATION OF VITAMIN D WITH MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND ALZHEIMER'S DEMENTIA IN OLDER MEXICAN ADULTS.

Background: It has been proposed that Vitamin D helps reduce the accumulation of cerebral β-amyloid-42 by innate immune stimulation and phagocytosis activation. An association between low Vitamin D levels and Alzheimer's dementia (AD) has been established. We determined the association between Vitamin D, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD in older Mexican adults (> 65 years).

Validity and Reliability of the Spanish Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for the Detection of Cognitive Impairment in Mexico.

Objective: To establish the validity and reliability of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Spanish (MoCA-S) to identify mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in the Mexican elderly population.

Material And Methods: 168 participants from a memory clinic in Mexico City were enrolled and divided into 3 groups: 59 cognitively healthy (CHG), 52 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (DSM-5 criteria) and 57 with dementia (NINCDS-ADRDA criteria). The MoCA-S and Mini-Mental State Evaluation (MMSE) were applied at baseline and during the last months to establish intra-observer reliability.

Neuroimaging Characteristics of Small-Vessel Disease in Older Adults with Normal Cognition, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer Disease.

Introduction: Cerebral small-vessel disease (SVD) represents the most frequent type of vascular brain lesions, often coexisting with Alzheimer disease (AD). By quantifying white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and hippocampal and parietal atrophy, we aimed to describe the prevalence and severity of SVD among older adults with normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and probable AD and to describe associated risk factors.

Methods: This study included 105 older adults evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging and clinical and neuropsychological tests.

Clinical and Demographic Predictors of Conversion to Dementia in Mexican Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered a clinical stage between normal cognitive aging and dementia. The clinical course of MCI is heterogeneous, with a significant number of cases progressing to dementia or reverting back to normal.

Objective: To determine the predictors of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia among Mexican older adults.