Lower Eyelid Contour in Graves Orbitopathy.

: The aim of the present study was to analyze quantitively the lower lid contour of patients with Graves orbitopathy.: Bézier curves were manually adjusted to the ciliated and nasal (or lacrimal) portions of the lower lid contour of 41 patients with Graves orbitopathy and 43 normal subjects using National Institute of Health (NIH) ImageJ software. Considering the main coordinates of the Bézier functions, the Matlab software was employed to express the lid contours with 1000 points.

An Unusual Differential Diagnosis of Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma: Ancient Schwannoma.

Schwannomas are rare lesions of the orbit that can be confused with cavernous hemangioma on imaging studies. We report the case of an 84-year-old woman with a 9-year history of a tumoral lesion in the inferolateral left orbit. The imaging studies did not reveal specific characteristics, only bone remodeling due to the long evolution of the tumor.

Graves Lower Eyelid Retraction.

Purpose: Graves lower eyelid retraction (GLLR) is a common and controversial sign of Graves orbitopathy. The authors reviewed the mechanisms and surgical techniques currently used to correct this Graves orbitopathy-related eyelid malposition.

Methods: A literature search was performed on the MEDLINE database using the keywords "lower eyelid retraction," "Graves orbitopathy," "thyroid ophthalmopathy," "thyroid eye disease," "spacers," and "eyelid surgery.

Graded müllerectomy for correction of graves upper eyelid retraction: effect on eyelid movements.

Purpose: To measure the effect of müllerectomy from posterior approach on the amplitudes of spontaneous blinking and downward eyelid saccades.

Methods: Spontaneous blinks and downward upper eyelid saccadic movements of 16 patients (23 eyelids) with Graves orbitopathy were measured before and after müllerectomy from posterior approach. A new video system was used to continuously register the blinking activity while subjects viewed a commercial movie for 5 minutes.

Lateral and medial upper eyelid contour abnormalities in graves orbitopathy: the influence of the degree of retraction.

Purpose: To determine the location of contour abnormalities in Graves upper eyelid retraction.

Methods: Multiple midpupil angular eyelid distances of 75 upper eyelids of 55 patients (mean age = 41.7 ± 13.