Histological and Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Effects of Topical Melatonin Treatment Associated with Collagen Sponge and rhBMP-2 Protein on Bone Remodeling.

Extensive bone defect healing is an important health issue not yet completely resolved. Different alternative treatments have been proposed but, in face of a critical bone defect, it is still very difficult to reach a complete regeneration, with the new-formed bone presenting all morphological and physiological characteristics of a normal, preinjury bone. Topical melatonin use has shown as a promising adjuvant for bone regeneration due to its positive effects on bone metabolism.

Policies and Resources Identified by Youth as Being Important to Prepare for Caregiving Responsibilities.

Background: Youth are increasingly upholding significant caregiving responsibilities. These caregiving responsibilities can have emotional, educational, and professional impacts on youth and young adults. And yet, policies and resources focus on adult caregivers and are limited in supporting young caregivers.

Recombinant Proteins-Based Strategies in Bone Tissue Engineering.

The increase in fracture rates and/or problems associated with missing bones due to accidents or various pathologies generates socio-health problems with a very high impact. Tissue engineering aims to offer some kind of strategy to promote the repair of damaged tissue or its restoration as close as possible to the original tissue. Among the alternatives proposed by this specialty, the development of scaffolds obtained from recombinant proteins is of special importance.

Biological performance of a bioabsorbable Poly (L-Lactic Acid) produced in polymerization unit: studies.

The biomaterials engineering goal is to manufacture a biocompatible scaffold that adequately supports or improves tissue regeneration after implantation of the biomaterial in the injured area. Many requirements are demanded for a biomaterial, such as biocompatibility, elasticity, degradation time, and a very important factor is its cost of importation or synthesis, making its application inaccessible to some countries. Studies about biomaterials market show that Polylactic acid (PLLA) is one of the most used polymers, but expensive to produce.

Evaluation of tissue in repair with natural latex and / or hyaluronic acid in surgical bone defects.

This study evaluated the bone repair in surgical defects of rats treated with hyaluronic acid (HA) associated or not with Hevea brasiliensis fraction protein (F-1). Bone defect were created in 15 albino Wistar rats divided into 3 groups (n=5): Control group (1) - blood clot; HA group (2) - 0.5% hyaluronic acid; HAF1 group (3) - 0.

Family members' perspectives on learning cognitively unimpaired older adults' amyloid-β PET scan results.

Background/objectives: Disclosure of Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk information to cognitively unimpaired older adults may become more common if preclinical AD is shown to be identifiable and amenable to treatment. Little, however, is known about how families will react to this information.

Design And Setting: Semi-structured telephonic interviews.

Special Report from the CDC: Readiness to surge: State health departments' workforce infrastructure during the opioid crisis.

Introduction: As part of scaling up the response to the opioid overdose epidemic, there is an opportunity to examine how state public health departments addressed workforce and other infrastructure needs to implement a large-scale opioid overdose prevention program. Understanding how this was done-and any lessons learned from the process-can inform future workforce development and capital improvement efforts.

Methods: Administrative data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Prescription Drug Overdose Prevention for States (PfS) program were analyzed to understand how states adapted to this emerging public health priority.

"If It Needs to be Done, It Needs to be Done": National Survey of Youth Experiences and Perspectives on Caregiving.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore youth experiences and perspectives on family caregiving to improve programs and policies that impact the well-being of youth.

Methods: In August 2020, we asked three open-ended questions about current and anticipated caregiving responsibilities, impact, and needs using MyVoice, a national text message poll of youth. Content and thematic analysis was conducted to evaluate qualitative responses.

Bone fracture healing: perspectives according to molecular basis.

Fractures have a great impact on health all around the world and with fracture healing optimization; this problem could be resolved partially. To make a practical contribution to this issue, the knowledge of bone tissue, cellularity, and metabolism is essential, especially cytoskeletal architecture and its transformations according to external pressures. Special physical and chemical characteristics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) allow the transmission of mechanical stimuli from outside the cell to the plasmatic membrane.

Correlates of Formal Support Service Use among Dementia Caregivers.

Informal caregivers for persons with dementia frequently report needing assistance, yet formal support service use has been low. To better understand factors associated with service use, correlates of self-reported service use (e.g.

Disclosing genetic risk for Alzheimer's dementia to individuals with mild cognitive impairment.

Introduction: The safety of predicting conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia using apolipoprotein E () genotyping is unknown.

Methods: We randomized 114 individuals with MCI to receive estimates of 3-year risk of conversion to AD dementia informed by genotyping (disclosure arm) or not (non-disclosure arm) in a non-inferiority clinical trial. Primary outcomes were anxiety and depression scores.

Effectiveness of rhBMP-2 association to autogenous, allogeneic, and heterologous bone grafts.

Proteins with osteoinductive potential, especially recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP)-2, have large effects on cell growth and their differentiation. The aim of this study was to assess repair of bone defects in rat calvaria with different types of grafts associated with rhBMP-2, through immunohistochemistry and micro computed tomography (CT) analyses. A total of 35 male Wistar rats were selected, each weighing ~250 g, with a waiting period of 6 weeks from the creation of the defect to the sacrifice, and divided into five groups (n = 7): autograft plus 5 μg rhBMP-2 (AuG/BMP-2); allograft plus 5 μg rhBMP-2 (AlG/BMP-2); xenograft (heterologous) plus 5 μg rhBMP-2 (XeG/BMP-2); 5 μg rhBMP-2 (BMP-2) and the control group (n = 7).

MMPs are Involved in Osteoporosis and are Correlated with Cardiovascular Diseases.

Osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases are common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in people aged over 60 years. Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density, which deteriorates the microarchitecture of bones and increases the risk of bone fractures. Other pathologies also constitute risk factors for the development of osteoporosis, mainly cardiovascular diseases.

Bone Regeneration Mediated by a Bioactive and Biodegradable Extracellular Matrix-Like Hydrogel Based on Elastin-Like Recombinamers.

The morbidity of bone fractures and defects is steadily increasing due to changes in the age pyramid. As such, novel biomaterials that are able to promote the healing and regeneration of injured bones are needed to overcome the limitations of auto-, allo-, and xenografts, while providing a ready-to-use product that may help to minimize surgical invasiveness and duration. In this regard, recombinant biomaterials, such as elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs), are very promising as their design can be tailored by genetic engineering, thus allowing scalable production and batch-to-batch consistency, among others.

Boron neutron capture synovectomy (BNCS) as a potential therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: radiobiological studies at RA-1 Nuclear Reactor in a model of antigen-induced arthritis in rabbits.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune pathology characterized by the proliferation and inflammation of the synovium. Boron neutron capture synovectomy (BNCS), a binary treatment modality that combines the preferential incorporation of boron carriers to target tissue and neutron irradiation, was proposed to treat the pathological synovium in arthritis. In a previous biodistribution study, we showed the incorporation of therapeutically useful boron concentrations to the pathological synovium in a model of antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) in rabbits, employing two boron compounds approved for their use in humans, i.

Implementation and evaluation of linked parenting models in a large urban child welfare system.

During the past decade, there have been increased efforts to implement evidence-based practices into child welfare systems to improve outcomes for children in foster care and their families. In this paper, the implementation and evaluation of a policy-driven large system-initiated reform is described. Over 250 caseworkers and supervisors were trained and supported to implement two evidence-based parent focused interventions in five private agencies serving over 2,000 children and families.

Boron neutron capture synovectomy (BNCS) as a potential therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: boron biodistribution study in a model of antigen-induced arthritis in rabbits.

Boron neutron capture synovectomy (BNCS) is explored for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of the present study was to perform boron biodistribution studies in a model of antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) in female New Zealand rabbits, with the boron carriers boronophenylalanine (BPA) and sodium decahydrodecaborate (GB-10) to assess the potential feasibility of BNCS for RA. Rabbits in chronic phase of AIA were used for biodistribution studies employing the following protocols: intra-articular (ia) (a) BPA-f 0.

Heat shock protein 90 inhibitors prevent LPS-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction by disrupting RhoA signaling.

Permeability of the endothelial monolayer is increased when exposed to the bacterial endotoxin LPS. Our previous studies have shown that heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 inhibitors protect and restore LPS-mediated hyperpermeability in bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. In this study, we assessed the effect of Hsp90 inhibition against LPS-mediated hyperpermeability in cultured human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs) and delineated the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Hybrid matrix grafts to favor tissue regeneration in rabbit femur bone lesions.

At present, typical approaches employed to repair fractures and other bone lesions tend to use matrix grafts to promote tissue regeneration. These grafts act as templates, which promote cellular adhesion, growth and proliferation, osteoconduction, and even osteoinduction, which commonly results in de novo osteogenesis. The present work aimed to study the bone-repairing ability of hybrid matrixes (HM) prepared with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and bioactive glass in an experimental rabbit model.

Site and sex effects on tibia structure in distance runners and untrained people.

Purpose: The purpose was to study the relationship between mechanical environment and bone structure by comparing the tibia in people with different physical activities.

Materials And Methods: Indicators of bone mass (bone mineral content), bone material "quality" (cortical volumetric mineral density (vBMD)), and diaphyseal design (endocortical and periosteal perimeters (EcPm and PoPm, respectively), cortical thickness (CtTh), circularity, and bending and torsion cross-sectional moments of inertia (CSMIs)) were determined in serial peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans taken at 5% steps of the tibia in 40 voluntary men and women age 25-40 yr who were either physically inactive or experienced distance runners (n = 10-12 per group).

Results: Bone mass and design indicators were higher in runner than in nonrunner men, with a variable effect size along the tibia.

Lack of gender influence on cortical and subcortical gray matter development in childhood-onset schizophrenia.

Background: Progressive cortical gray matter (GM) abnormalities are an established feature of schizophrenia and are more pronounced in rare, severe, and treatment refractory childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) cases. The effect of sex on brain development in schizophrenia is poorly understood and studies to date have produced inconsistent results.

Methods: Using the largest to date longitudinal sample of COS cases (n = 104, scans = 249, Male/Female [M/F] = 57/47), we compared COS sex differences with sex differences in a sample of matched typically developing children (n = 104, scans = 244, M/F = 57/47), to determine whether or not sex had differential effects on cortical and subcortical brain development in COS.

Structural analysis of the human tibia by tomographic (pQCT) serial scans.

This study analyses the evaluation of tomographic indicators of tibia structure, assuming that the usual loading pattern shifts from uniaxial compression close to the heel to a combined compression, torsion and bending scheme towards the knee. To this end, pQCT scans were obtained at 5% intervals of the tibia length (S5-S95 sites from heel to knee) in healthy men and women (10/10) aged 20-40 years. Indicators of bone mass [cortical area, cortical/total bone mineral content (BMC)], diaphyseal design (peri/endosteal perimeters, cortical thickness, circularity, bending/torsion moments of inertia - CSMIs), and material quality [(cortical vBMD (bone mineral density)] were determined.