An unusual case of aggressive endometrial adenocarcinoma metastasis to the clivus: illustrative case.

Background: Though endometrial carcinomas are a relatively common cancer of the female genitourinary tract, they rarely metastasize. Similarly, clival metastases make up a tiny fraction of all brain metastases. To the authors' knowledge, an endometrial carcinoma clival metastasis has never been described in the literature; therefore, the authors present the following unusual case of a 69-year-old female with a history of an initially grade 2 endometrial adenocarcinoma that metastasized to her clivus.

Evaluation of Th17 and Treg cytokines in patients with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss.

Background And Aim: The Th17/Treg balance in peripheral blood and reproductive tissues may have a role in the etiology of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL). In this study, we evaluated the major cytokine of Treg cells transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and their specific transcription factor Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), as well as the most highlighted cytokine of Th17 cells (interleukin [IL]-17A) in both URPL patients and healthy women.

Methods: Samples were extracted from the peripheral blood, endocervix, endometrium, and vagina of 14 patients with URPL and 12 normal non-pregnant women as a control (normal) group.

Effects of vitamin D on steroidogenesis, reactive oxygen species production, and enzymatic antioxidant defense in human granulosa cells of normal and polycystic ovaries.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is accompanied with many disturbances in hormone synthesis and antioxidant defense. Previous reports have indicated that Vitamin D (vit.D) affects gene expression and have roles in normal follicular development.

Influence of chemerin rs17173608 polymorphism on polycystic ovary syndrome susceptibility.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the association between the rs17173608 chemerin polymorphism and polycystic ovary syndrome risk (PCOS).

Materials And Methods: This case-control study was performed on 150 patients with PCOS and 150 normal women as the control group. Tetra-amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the polymorphism.

Association between vaspin rs2236242 gene polymorphism and polycystic ovary syndrome risk.

Vaspin, an adipocytokine that has been isolated from the visceral adipose tissue, is a member of the serine protease inhibitor family. In humans, serum vaspin levels are correlated with body mass index (BMI) and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The present study is the first investigation to examine the association between vaspin rs2236242 gene polymorphism and risk of PCOS in Iranian patients.