Using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to link urinary biomarker concentrations to dietary exposure of perchlorate.

Exposure to perchlorate is widespread in the United States and many studies have attempted to character the perchlorate exposure by estimating the average daily intakes of perchlorate. These approaches provided population-based estimates, but did not provide individual-level exposure estimates. Until recently, exposure activity database such as CSFII, TDS and NHANES become available and provide opportunities to evaluate the individual-level exposure to chemical using exposure surveillance dataset.

US Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study: dietary intake of perchlorate and iodine.

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has conducted the Total Diet Study (TDS) since 1961, which designed to monitor the US food supply for chemical contaminants, nutritional elements, and toxic elements. Recently, perchlorate was analyzed in TDS samples. Perchlorate is used as an oxidizing agent in rocket propellant, is found in other items (e.

Update of US FDA's Total Diet Study food list and diets.

The US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Total Diet Study (TDS) has been conducted continuously since the early 1960s to measures levels of various pesticide residues, contaminants, and nutrients in foods and to estimate the dietary exposures to these compounds. Both the TDS food list and the consumption amounts used for estimating exposures are based on results of nationwide food consumption surveys, and they are updated periodically to reflect changes in food consumption patterns. The most recent update was completed in 2003 using the same methodology employed in the previous update (1990).