Inhibition of Nociception in a Preclinical Episodic Migraine Model by Dietary Supplementation of Grape Seed Extract Involves Activation of Endocannabinoid Receptors.

Migraine is associated with peripheral and central sensitization of the trigeminal system and dysfunction of descending pain modulation pathways. Recently, dietary inclusion of grape seed extract (GSE) was shown to inhibit mechanical nociception in a preclinical model of chronic temporomandibular joint disorder, a condition often comorbid with migraine, with the antinociceptive effect mediated, in part, by activation of 5-HT3/7 and GABAB receptors. This study further investigated the mechanisms by which GSE inhibits mechanical nociception in a preclinical model of episodic migraine.

5-HT3/7 and GABA receptors mediate inhibition of trigeminal nociception by dietary supplementation of grape seed extract.

Temporomandibular joint disorder is a prevalent orofacial pain condition involving sensitization and activation of trigeminal nociceptive neurons. Dietary supplementation with a proanthocyanin-enriched grape seed extract (GSE) was found to inhibit trigeminal nociception in a chronic TMD model. In this study, the cellular mechanisms by which GSE inhibits sustained trigeminal nociception in male and female Sprague Dawley rats were investigated.

Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation and morphine transiently inhibit trigeminal pain signaling in a chronic headache model.

Introduction: Chronic headache conditions are characterized by persistent sensitization of the trigeminal system, which involves dysfunction of descending pain modulation. We previously reported that noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) inhibits trigeminal nociception in models of episodic migraine through a mechanism involving enhanced serotonergic and GABAergic descending pain signaling.

Objectives: The analgesic effectiveness of nVNS and morphine were investigated in an animal model of chronic headache mediated by the combination of the 3 migraine risk factors of neck muscle tension, paradoxical sleep deprivation, and pungent odors.

Dietary supplementation with grape seed extract prevents development of trigeminal sensitization and inhibits pain signaling in a preclinical chronic temporomandibular disorder model.

Background: The risk factors neck muscle tension, prolonged jaw opening, and female gender are associated with developing temporomandibular disorders (TMD), which are characterized by persistent sensitization of trigeminal neurons and enhanced pain signaling. Dietary supplementation with a grape seed extract (GSE) can modulate expression of proteins that decrease neuronal excitability and trigeminal sensitization.

Methods: Mechanical nocifensive thresholds over the masseter were determined using von Frey filaments in male and female adult Sprague Dawley rats.

Inhibition of Trigeminal Nociception by Non-invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation: Investigating the Role of GABAergic and Serotonergic Pathways in a Model of Episodic Migraine.

Migraine is a prevalent neurological disease that is characterized by unpredictable episodic attacks of intense head pain. The underlying pathology involves sensitization and activation of the trigeminal system. Although non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) is recommended for the treatment of migraine, the abortive mechanism of action is not well-understood.